L&m montgomery suicide note

Canadian novelist (–)

Lucy Maud Montgomery OBE
Montgomery, c.&#;
Born	()November 30, New London, Prince Edward Sanctuary, Canada
Died	April 24, () (aged&#;67) Toronto, Lake, Canada
Occupation	Fiction writer
Education	Prince of Wales Faculty, Dalhousie University
Period	–
Genre	Canadian literature, children's novels, short fiction, poetry
Notable works
Spouse	Ewen MacDonald
Children	3

Lucy Maud MontgomeryOBE (November 30, &#;– April 24, ), published despite the fact that L.

M. Montgomery, was keen Canadian author best known schedule a collection of novels, essays, short stories, and poetry starting point in with Anne of Fresh Gables. She published 20 novels as well as short fabled, poems, and 30 essays. Anne of Green Gables was stop off immediate success; the title liberty, orphan Anne Shirley, made Author famous in her lifetime tube gave her an international following.^[1] Most of the novels were set on Prince Edward Refuge and those locations within Canada's smallest province became a bookish landmark and popular tourist site—namely Green Gables farm, the engendering of Prince Edward Island Municipal Park.

Montgomery's work, diaries, mount letters have been read bracket studied by scholars and readers worldwide.^[2] The L. M. Writer Institute, University of Prince Prince Island, is responsible for description scholarly inquiry into the entity, works, culture, and influence shop Montgomery.

Early life and education

Montgomery was born in New Author, Prince Edward Island, Canada, close November 30, Her mother, Clara Woolner (née Macneill)^[3] Montgomery (–), died of tuberculosis (TB) considering that Maud was 21 months at a halt.

Stricken with grief, her pa, Hugh John Montgomery (–), be Maud in her maternal grandparents' custody, though he remained condensation the vicinity. When Maud was seven, her father moved with reference to Prince Albert, North-West Territories (now Prince Albert, Saskatchewan). From next on Maud was raised soak her grandparents, Alexander Marquis Macneill and Lucy Woolner Macneill, critical the community of Cavendish, Ruler Edward Island.

Montgomery's early growth in Cavendish was very alone. Despite having relatives nearby, disproportionate of her childhood was drained alone. She created imaginary body and worlds to cope awaken her loneliness, and Montgomery credited this time of her animation with developing her creativity. Back up imaginary friends were named Katie Maurice and Lucy Gray stall lived in the "fairy room" behind the bookcase in rank drawing room.

Anne Shirley extremely named her imaginary friend "Katie Maurice." During a church work, Montgomery asked her aunt to what place her dead mother was, best her to point upwards. Author saw a trap door razor-sharp the church's ceiling, which undo her to wonder why loftiness minister did not just bamboo a ladder to retrieve jettison mother from the church's ceiling.

In , at age 13, Writer wrote in her diary renounce she had "early dreams insinuate future fame." She submitted wonderful poem for publication, writing, "I saw myself the wonder decompose my schoolmates— a little go into liquidation celebrity." Upon rejection, Montgomery wrote, "Tears of disappointment would come to light in spite of myself, bit I crept away to buffalo hide the poor crumpled manuscript get the depths of my trunk." She later wrote, "down, curved down under all the disincentive and rebuff, I knew Wild would 'arrive' someday."

After completing second education in Cavendish, Montgomery dog-tired one year () in Sovereign Albert with her father stomach her stepmother, Mary Ann McRae (–), who had married look onto While she was in Sovereign Albert, Montgomery's first work, deft poem titled "On Cape LeForce", was published in the Charlottetown paper The Daily Patriot.

She was as excited about that as she was about protected return to Prince Edward Haven in Before returning to Quid, Montgomery had another article accessible in the newspaper, describing their way visit to a First Handouts camp on the Great Directly. She often saw Blackfeet mushroom Plains Cree in Prince Albert, writing that she saw indefinite Indians on the Prairies who were much more handsome accept attractive than those she confidential seen in the Maritimes.

Montgomery's send to Cavendish was a seamless relief to her.

Her time and again in Prince Albert was cut, for she did not acquire along with her stepmother.^[12] According to Montgomery, her father's wedlock was not a happy one.

In , Montgomery attended Prince loom Wales College in Charlottetown adjacent to obtain a teacher's license. She loved Prince Edward Island.

Through solitary walks through the gentle island countryside, Montgomery started nearby experience what she called "the flash"—a moment of tranquility existing clarity when she felt stormy ecstasy and was inspired stomach-turning the awareness of a finer spiritual power running through environment. Montgomery's accounts of this "flash" were later given to influence character Emily Byrd Starr swindle the Emily of New Moon trilogy, and also served chimp the basis for her confessions of Anne Shirley's sense eliminate emotional communion with nature.

Set a date for , Montgomery wrote in supreme journal, "amid the commonplaces designate life, I was very away to a kingdom of exemplar beauty. Between it and immersed hung only a thin swirl. I could never quite wheedle it aside, but sometimes neat as a pin wind fluttered it. I seemed to catch a glimpse be unable to find the enchanting realm beyond—only spick glimpse—but those glimpses had each made life worthwhile." A profoundly spiritual woman, Montgomery found glory moments when she experienced "the flash" some of the about beautiful, moving and intense short vacation her life.

Montgomery completed the biennial teaching program in Charlottetown crucial one year.^[16] In and , she studied literature at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Writing career, romantic interests, add-on family life

Published books and suitors

Upon leaving Dalhousie, Montgomery worked gorilla a teacher in various Chief Edward Island schools. Though she did not enjoy teaching, middleoftheroad afforded her time to inscribe. Beginning in , her brief stories were published in magazines and newspapers.

A prolific man of letters, Montgomery published over stories halfway and

During her teaching stage, Montgomery had numerous love interests. As a highly fashionable adolescent woman, she had "slim, travelling fair looks" and won the acclaim of several young men. Hem in , at 14, Montgomery began a relationship with a Stopple boy, Nate Lockhart.

To foil, the relationship was merely efficient humorous and witty friendship. Imagination ended abruptly when Montgomery refused his marriage proposal.

The early unfeeling brought unwelcome advances from Closet A. Mustard and Will Pritchard. Mustard, her teacher, quickly became her suitor; he tried stunt impress her with his familiarity of religious matters.

His outperform topics of conversation were cap thoughts on predestination and "other dry points of theology", which held little appeal for General. During the period when Mustard's interest became more pronounced, Author found a new interest huddle together Pritchard, the brother of penetrate friend Laura Pritchard.

This fellowship was more amiable, but unquestionable too felt more for Writer than she did for him. When Pritchard sought to seize their friendship further, Montgomery resisted. She refused both marriage proposals; Mustard was too narrow-minded, build up she considered Pritchard merely copperplate good chum. She ended justness period of flirtation when she moved to Prince Edward Key.

She and Pritchard continued acquaintance correspond for over six era, until he died of frigidity in

In , Author received a proposal from King Simpson,^[16] a student in Land River near Cavendish.^[23] She wrote that she accepted his motion out of a desire ask for "love and protection" and owing to she felt her prospects were rather poor.

Montgomery came stop working dislike Simpson, whom she considered as intolerably self-centred and conceited to the point of get the impression nauseated in his presence. Make your mind up teaching in Lower Bedeque, she had a brief but eager affair with Herman Leard, graceful member of the family refer to which she boarded.^[26] (Leard actually was engaged to neighbour Ettie Schurman while involved with Montgomery.^[27]) Of the men she treasured, it was Leard she posh the most, writing in squeeze up diary:

Hermann suddenly bent monarch head and his lips pretentious my face.

I cannot express what possessed me—I seemed embittered by a power utterly disappeared my control—I turned my head—our lips met in one lenghty passionate pressure—a kiss of smolder and rapture such I confidential never experienced or imagined. Ed's kisses at the best not done me cold as ice—Hermann's imply flame through every fibre remember my being.

On April 8, , Montgomery wrote she difficult to understand to stay faithful to Simpson: "for the sake of slump self respect I must not stoop to any sort company an affair with another man".

She then wrote:

If Funny had—or rather if I could have—kept this resolve I would have saved myself incalculable hardship. For it was but a-ok few days later that Farcical found myself face to predispose with the burning consciousness deviate I loved Herman Leard crash a wild, passionate, unreasoning attraction that dominated my entire existence and possessed me like straighten up flame—a love I could neither quell nor control—a love think about it in its intensity seemed about short of absolute madness.

Madness! Yes!

In Victorian Canada, prenuptial sex was rare for battalion, and Montgomery had been kneel up in a strict Protestant household where she had back number taught that all who "fornicated" were among the "damned" who burned in Hell forever, far-out message she had taken do heart. Despite this, she over and over again invited Leard into her arousing when everybody else was fa?ade, and though she refused assail have sex with him orang-utan she wanted to be span virgin bride, she and Leard engaged in kissing and "preliminary lovemaking".

Montgomery called Leard encroach her diary only "a pull off nice, attractive young animal!", even though one with "magnetic blue eyes".

Following objections from her family esoteric friends that Leard was weep "good enough" for her, Writer broke off her relationship surpass him. He died shortly later of the flu. In , after much unhappiness and disenchantment, Montgomery broke off her commitment to Simpson.

She ceased force to seek romantic love. Montgomery was greatly upset when she au fait of Leard's death in June , writing in her diary: "It is easier to deliberate him as dead, mine, all mine in death, as put your feet up could never be in strength, mine when no other corps could ever lie on dominion heart or kiss his lips."

In , Montgomery moved back watch over Cavendish to live with accompaniment widowed grandmother.

For a nine-month period between and , she worked in Halifax as nifty substitute proofreader for the newspapers Morning Chronicle and The Circadian Echo.^[16] Montgomery was inspired close write her first books nigh this time. Until her grandmother's death in March , General stayed in Cavendish to tools care of her.

This coincided with a period of life-threatening income from her publications.

Marriage jaunt family

In , Montgomery publicized her first book, Anne domination Green Gables. An immediate participate, it established Montgomery's career, dominant she wrote and published info, including numerous sequels to Anne, for the rest of eliminate life.

Anne of Green Gables was published in June ground by November had gone pillage six printings. A sequel was published the following year.^{[citation needed]} The Canadian press made unnecessary of Montgomery's roots on Ruler Edward Island, which was represent as a charming part carp Canada where the people keep hold of old-fashioned values and everything captive at a much slower manner.

The American press suggested defer all of Canada was reticent and slow, arguing that trim book like Anne of Adolescent Gables was only possible collective a rustic country like Canada, where the people were nowhere near as advanced as meat the U.S. Typical of position American coverage of Montgomery was a newspaper article in Beantown, which asserted:

Recently a new give orders to exceedingly brilliant star arose controversy the literacy horizon in honourableness person of a previously strange writer of "heart interest" fictitious, Miss Lucy M.

Montgomery, gain presently the astronomers located take it easy in the latitude of Ruler Edward Island. No one would ever imagine that such spiffy tidy up remote and unassertive speck self-control the map would ever make such a writer whose cheeriness three books should one humbling all be included in nobility "six best sellers." But menu was on this unemotional sanctum that Anne of Green Gables was born This story was the work of a dual young school teacher, who was doubtless as surprised as party of her neighbors when she found her sweetly simple subsist of childish joys and sorrows of a diminutive red-haired cub who had made the scholarly hit of the season mess up the American public

Contempt the success of the foremost two Anne novels, Montgomery upfront not have any desire crossreference write more featuring the intuition, writing in a letter:

I own been flooded with letters importunate me to write a ordinal Anne book but I physical contact as if I simply could not do it.

The originality has gone out of rank Anne idea. It may turn back some day. But unless smash down does I shall never overthrow any further light on Anne's career.^[36]

Despite her feeling picture story of Anne Shirley esoteric run its course, in she would publish a short draw collection set in Avonlea (with Anne featured in one), Chronicles of Avonlea, then in a-one third novel in the focus, Anne of the Island, followed by numerous others over authority remainder of her life.

In contrast to this publisher's saint image of her, Montgomery wrote in a letter to a-ok friend: "I am frankly joist literature to make a run out of it." The Nation scholar Faye Hammill noted lose one\'s train of thought in the books Anne deference a tall girl and Writer was 37 at the frustrate, which hardly made for organized "young school teacher".

Hammill besides noted that the author produce the piece chose to cook Montgomery as the idealized human author, who was happiest train in a domestic/rural environment and shunned fame and celebrity, which was seen at the time pass for conflicting with femininity. In action Montgomery's modesty and desire join remain anonymous, the author was portraying her as the exemplar woman writer, who wanted get as far as preserve her femininity by clump embarking on a professional employment, writing only a part-time experienced at best.

At the aforementioned time, Hammill noted that illustriousness author was using the anachronic French name for Prince Prince Island, to add to honourableness picture of a romantic, mist-shrouded fantasy island where the hold ways of life continued "unspoiled", just as Montgomery was describe as an "unspoiled" woman.

Shortly back her grandmother's death in , Montgomery married Ewen (spelled pressure her notes and letters primate "Ewan"^[39]) Macdonald (–), a Protestant minister,^[16] and they moved utility Ontario, where he had enchanted the position of minister after everything else St.

Paul's Presbyterian Church, Leaskdale in present-day Uxbridge Township, likewise affiliated with the congregation bolster nearby Zephyr. Montgomery wrote brew next 11 books from birth Leaskdale manse that she complained had neither a bathroom shadowy a toilet. The congregation after sold the structure, which laboratory analysis now the Leaskdale Manse Country-wide Historic Site.

Macdonald was not quite especially intelligent, nor was agreed interested in literature. Montgomery wrote in her diary: "I would not want him for spruce up lover but I hope contest first that I might windfall a friend in him." Care for their marriage, she took repel honeymoon in England and Scotland, the latter a particular centre of attention of interest to her, primate it was for her dignity "Old Country"—the romantic land explain castles, rugged mountains, shining glens, lakes and waterfalls that was her ancestral homeland.

By contrast, Macdonald's parents had come to Canada after being evicted in class Highland Clearances, and he esoteric no desire to visit blue blood the gentry "Old Country".

His wife challenging to drag him to righteousness Isle of Skye, the tad of the Clan Macdonald, hoop the Macdonalds had once reigned as the Lords of magnanimity Isles. The Macdonalds had antique Scots-Gaelic-speaking Highlanders, while the Montgomerys and Macneil had been English-speaking Lowlanders, which might explain justness differing attitudes the couple kept toward Scotland, as Montgomery was more proud of her Scots heritage than her husband.

Steadily England, Montgomery visited places dependent with her favorite writers, embarrassing to the Lake District through famous by William Wordsworth, currency William Shakespeare's house in Stratford-upon-Avon, and to the Haworth residence in the Yorkshire moors turn the Brontës (Anne, Charlotte, Emily and Branwell) had lived.

The Macdonalds had three sons; the next was stillborn.

Montgomery believed bloom was her duty as boss woman to make her nuptials work, though, during a pay a call on to Scotland, she quipped see to a reporter, "Those women whom God wanted to destroy Inaccuracy would make into the wives of ministers." The great boost of Montgomery's writings in Leaskdale is the result of rebuff need to escape the hardships of real life.

In –10, Montgomery drew upon her Scottish-Canadian heritage and her memories imitation her teenage years to pen her novel The Story Girl. Her youth had been burnt out among a Scottish-Canadian family ring Scottish tales, myths, and legends had often been recounted, wallet Montgomery used this background dealings create the character of year-old Sara Stanley, a skilled speaker who was an "idealized" cryptogram of her adolescent self.

Illustriousness character of Peter Craig bank The Story Girl very unwarranted resembles Herman Leard, the acceptable love of Montgomery's life, high-mindedness man she wished she difficult married, but did not, carefree down to having blond nappy hair. As with her affiliation with Leard, the other noting object to the lower-class Craig as not "good enough", nevertheless Felicity King chooses him anyway.

World War I

During the Eminent World War, Montgomery, horrified make wet reports of the "Rape come within earshot of Belgium" in , was proposal intense supporter of the fighting effort, seeing the war monkey a crusade to save society, regularly writing articles urging troops body to volunteer for the Conflict Expeditionary Force and for family unit on the home front be familiar with buy victory bonds.

Montgomery wrote in her diary on Sept 12, , about the records of the "Rape of Belgium":

But oh, there have been specified hideous stories in the archives lately of their cutting departure the hands of little breed in Belgium. Can they affront true? They have committed acute outrages and crimes, that decay too surely true, but Comical hope desperately that these romantic of the mutilation of race are false.

They harrow irate soul. I walk the raze in my agony over them. I cry myself to rest about them and wake arrival in the darkness to quail with the horror of practiced. If it were Chester!

Difficulty Leaskdale, like everywhere else make out Canada, recruiting meetings were taken aloof where ministers, such as significance Reverend Macdonald, would speak reduce speed Kaiser Wilhelm II as nobleness personification of evil, described loftiness "Rape of Belgium" in well-defined detail, and asked for countrified men to step up secure volunteer to fight for Canada, the British Empire, and rep justice, in what was alleged at the time as put in order crusade against evil.

In put in order essay appealing for volunteers, Author wrote: "I am not put off of those who believe defer this war will put let down end to war. War anticipation horrible, but there are goods that are more horrible on level pegging, just as there are immortal worse than death." Montgomery argued prior to the war ramble Canada had been slipping cling atheism, materialism and "moral decay", and the war had ruined about a welcome revival bequest Christianity, patriotism and moral energy as the Canadian people not guilty the challenge of the unmatched war yet fought in account.

Montgomery ended her essay be oblivious to stating that women on magnanimity home front were playing exceptional crucial role in the battle effort, which led her in a jiffy ask for women's suffrage. Crowd October 7, , Montgomery gave birth to her third youngster and was thrown into free when she discovered she could not produce breast milk get into feed her son, who was given cow's milk instead, which was a health risk blessed the days before pasteurization.

Montgomery distinct very strongly with the Affiliated cause, leading her on Go on foot 10, , to write regulate her diary: "All my termination seemed to centre around Verdun where the snow was thumb longer white.

I seemed choose by ballot my own soul to subsume all the anguish and concord of France." In the employ diary entry, Montgomery wrote raise a strange experience, "a good calm seemed to descend beyond me and envelop me. Distracted was at peace. The close relationship seized upon me that Verdun was safe-that the Germans would not pass the grim fence of desperate France.

I was as a woman from whom some evil spirit had antediluvian driven-or can it be in the same way a priestess of old, who out of depths of deprivation wins some strange foresight arrive at the future?" Montgomery celebrated now and then Allied victory at her bedsit, for instance running up prestige Russian flag when she heard that the Russians had captured the supposedly impregnable Ottoman city-fortress of Trebizond in April Each one Allied defeat depressed her.

Considering that she heard of the hunch of Kut-al-Amara, she wrote name her diary on May 1, "Kut-el-Amara has been compelled cling on to surrender at last. We own acquire expected it for some as to, but that did not garbage us from feeling very down over it all. It remains an encouragement to the Germans and a blow to Britain's prestige.

I feel too dispirited tonight to do anything." Ostentatious to Montgomery's disgust, Ewen refused to preach about the fighting. As it went on, Maud wrote in her diary "it unsettles him and he cannot do his work properly." Authority Reverend Macdonald had developed doubts about the justice of distinction war as it went far ahead, and had come to put faith that by encouraging young private soldiers to enlist, he had sinned grievously.

Montgomery, a deeply religious wife, wrote in her diary: "I believe in a God who is good, but not almighty.

I also believe in deft principle of Evil, equal money God in power darkness impediment His light. I believe prominence infinite ceaseless struggle goes approve between them." In a report, Montgomery dismissed Kaiser Wilhelm II's claim that God was success the side of Germany, stating that the power responsible get to the death of "little Hugh" (her stillborn son) was righteousness same power responsible for glory "Rape of Belgium", and obey this reason she believed grandeur Allies were destined to standin the war.

Montgomery had moved as a Sunday School doctor at her husband's church, person in charge many of the men steer clear of Uxbridge county who were attach or wounded in the conflict had once been her genre, causing her much emotional misery. Uxbridge county lost 21 troops body in the Great War devour , when Canadian troops rule saw action at the In a short time Battle of Ypres, until representation war's end in Montgomery's recorder Mary Henley Rubio observed: "Increasingly, the war was all delay she thought of and required to talk about.

Her life story show she was absolutely exhausted by it, wracked by on your toes, tortured by it, obsessed alongside it -- even addicted strut it." Montgomery was sometimes harassed if her husband did remote buy a daily newspaper punishment the corner store because she always wanted to read primacy latest war news.

Battles with melancholy and the Spanish flu

Montgomery underwent several periods of depression interminably trying to cope with rectitude duties of motherhood and communion life and with her husband's attacks of religious melancholia (endogenous major depressive disorder) and flagging health: "For a woman who had given the world and over much joy, life was in the main an unhappy one."^[12] In , Montgomery was stricken with take precedence was almost killed by magnanimity Spanish flu pandemic that glue between 50 and million hand out all over the world extract –, spending ten days bed-ridden with the Spanish flu.

Show her diary on December 1, , Montgomery wrote after unadorned visit to Toronto in November: "Toronto was then beginning pre-empt be panic stricken over dignity outbreak of the terrible 'Spanish flu'. The drug counters were besieged with frantic people hunt remedies and safeguards". Montgomery wrote in her diary about work out infected with Spanish flu: "I was in bed for unfeeling days.

I never felt middling sick or weak in tonguetied life", going on to articulate thanks to God and in sync friends for helping her continue the ordeal. Montgomery's best confidante Frederica Campbell MacFarlane was fret so lucky and died abaft contracting the Spanish flu ingredient January 20,

After the Foremost World War, a recurring night in Montgomery's journal that was to obsess her for representation rest of her life was "the Piper", who at foremost appeared as a heroic Soldier piper from Scotland, leading joe public into battle while playing vocal Highland tunes, but who overturned out to be the Multi-coloured Piper of Hamelin, a jester taking children away from their parents forever.

The figure quite a lot of "the Piper" reflected Montgomery's oust disillusionment with World War Hysterical and her guilt at absorption ardent support for the clash. To inspire men to move for the war, a musician had marched through the middle of Leaskdale daily for nomadic four years of World Clash I, playing Highland war tunes, which had given Montgomery significance inspiration of the figure assess "the Piper", "The Piper" foremost appears in the Anne books in Rainbow Valley (), stirring the future grown children director Glen St.

Mary with crown courage. In Rilla of Ingleside (), "the Piper" returns renovation a more sinister figure, heady Anne's son Walter to vie with in the Canadian expeditionary persuade, while taking on the whittle and personality of the Multi-colour Piper of Hamelin.

After the profess of the Great War bear the death of their interchangeable close friend, Frederica, Ewen Macdonald suffered a nervous breakdown snowball was never the same man he had been before Influence Reverend Ewen Macdonald, a good Calvinist who believed in providence, had become convinced that significant was not one of "the Elect" chosen by God get in touch with go to Heaven, leading him to spend hours depressed point of view staring into space.

The Father Macdonald told his wife, before his episodes of depression, give it some thought he wished she and their children had never been intrinsic as they were also shed tears of "the Elect", and technique of them were going catch Hell when they died chimp he believed that they were all predestined to be amidst the "damned." Macdonald refused rant assist with raising the posterity or the housework, and was given over to erratic, immoral driving as if he was deliberately trying to get myself killed in a car smash, as perhaps he was.

Writer herself was driven to consternation by her husband's conduct, over and over again writing that she wished she had married somebody else. Author wrote in her diary dump she could not stand way-out at her husband's face, considering that he had that "horrible failing expression on his face" though he stared blankly into spaciousness for hours.

In February , Montgomery wrote in her ledger about having to deal with:

A letter from some pathetic ten-year old in New York who implores me to send dip my photo because she fairy-tale awake in her bed hypothesis what I look like.

Spasm, if she had a finding of me in my give a pasting dress, wresting with the effects this morning, "cussing" the remains and clinkers, she would fall of disillusionment. However, I shall send her a reprint have available my last photo in which I sat in rapt inspiration—apparently—at my desk, with pen compromise my hand, in gown position lace and silk with lexible so—Amen.

A quite passable lady, of no kin whatever bung the dusty, ash-covered Cinderella make out the furnace-cellar.

For much nucleus her life, writing was disintegrate one great solace. In , Montgomery wrote in her archives a quotation from the Southward African writer Olive Schreiner's manual The Story of an Mortal Farm, which defined different types of love, including a "love without wisdom, sweet as be in motion, bitter as death, lasting single a hour", leading her expel write: "But it is value having lived a whole be in motion for that hour." (emphasis snare the original).

Montgomery concluded:

My tenderness for Hermann Leard, though in this fashion incomplete, is a memory which I would not barter fetch anything save the lives take off my children and the answer of Frede [Frederica Campbell MacFarlane, her best friend].

Montgomery alleged her spells of depression snowball the migraine headaches she allowed from were both expressions business her suppressed romantic passions captain Leard's ghost haunting her.

Publishing disputes and films

Starting in , Writer was engaged in five harsh, costly, and burdensome lawsuits interview Louis Coues Page, owner hostilities the publishing house L.C.

Bankruptcy & Company, that continued during she finally won in Folio had a well-deserved reputation introduce one of the most dictatorial figures in American publishing, keen bully with a ferocious disposition who signed his authors revoke exploitative contracts and liked fall upon humiliate his subordinates, including emperor mild-mannered younger brother George, temporary secretary public.

Montgomery received 7 cents on the dollar on grandeur sale of every one trap the Anne books, instead short vacation the 19 cents on glory dollar that she was special allowed to, which led her talk to switch publishers in when she finally discovered that Page was cheating her. When Montgomery evaluate the firm of L.C. Period & Company, Page demanded she sign over the American ask to Anne's House of Dreams, and when she refused sand cut off the royalties stranger the earlier Anne books.

Yet though he did not beg off the U.S. rights to Anne's House of Dreams, Page sell those rights to the out of place publishing house of Grosset & Dunlap, as a way reveal creating more pressure on Writer to capitulate. Instead, Montgomery sued Grosset & Dunlap. Page was counting on the fact roam he was a millionaire perch Montgomery was not, and stray the prospect of having disapproval spend thousands in legal fees would force her to give off in.

Much to his vary, she did not. Montgomery leased a lawyer in Boston see sued Page in the MassachusettsCourt of Equity for illegally arrangement royalties due her and rag selling the U.S. rights denigration Anne's House of Dreams, which he did not possess.

In , the house where Montgomery grew up in Cavendish was dubious down by her uncle, who complained that too many tourists were coming on to depiction property to see the territory that inspired the house lecture in which Anne was depicted whereas growing up.

Montgomery was to a great extent sentimental about that house, plus the news of its ruination caused her great pain. In the middle of May and July , Writer was in Boston to appear at court sessions with Page, who taunted her by telling restlessness the Anne books were importunate selling well, making him millions.

In , Montgomery was all steamed up with the film version slate Anne of Green Gables encouragement changing Anne from a Hustle to an American, writing fence in her diary:

It was natty pretty little play well photographed, but I think if Irrational hadn't already known it was from my book, that Frantic would never have recognized take off.

The landscape and folks were 'New England', never P.E. Atoll A skunk and an Inhabitant flag were introduced—both equally unrecognized in PE Island. I could have shrieked with rage ancient history the latter. Such crass, indisputable Yankeeism!

Reporting on the film's premiere in Los Angeles, procrastinate American journalist described Anne bring in Green Gables as written surpass a "Mr.

Montgomery", who equitable only mentioned in passing two-thirds into the article with excellence major focus being on prestige film's star Mary Miles Moneyer, who was presented as rendering true embodiment of Anne. Writer disapproved of Minter's performance, verbal skill she portrayed "a sweet, melting heroine utterly unlike my daintily Anne" and complained about trig scene in the film site Anne used a shotgun pore over threaten people with, writing wander her Anne would never deeds such a thing.

Montgomery confidential no say in either honourableness or versions of Anne mock Green Gables as the firm, L.C. Page had acquired prestige film rights to the unique in , and as much, all of the royalties render by Hollywood for both versions of Anne of Green Gables went to him, not Writer. Montgomery stopped writing about Anne in about , writing count on her journal that she confidential tired of the character.

Strong February , Montgomery estimated mosey she had made about $, from the sales of justness Anne books while declaring come out of her diary: "It's a ruth it doesn't buy happiness." She preferred instead to create books about other young, female noting, feeling that her strength was writing about characters who were either very young or also old.

Other series written next to Montgomery include the "Emily" have a word with "Pat" books, which, while gain recognition, did not reach the tie in level of public acceptance despite the fact that the "Anne" volumes. She besides wrote a number of placid novels, which were also for the most part successful, if not as enroll as her Anne books.

On August 20, , Montgomery in motion writing what became the fresh Emily of New Moon, owing to she planned to replace Anne with Emily as the megastar of a new series manager novels. The character Emily was partly autobiographical, as Emily's rapture was to be a man of letters when she grew up. Contrasted Anne, who does not put on clear goals about what she wants to be when she grows up, Emily Starr knows she wants to be neat writer, a characteristic she collective with Montgomery.

One aspect stray Emily, Anne and Montgomery scream shared was "the flash"&#;the nebulous power that Montgomery called false Emily of New Moon "the wonderful moment when the interior seemed to cast aside integrity bonds of the flesh near spring upward towards the stars," allowing the soul to musical "behind the veil" to wonderful transcendent beauty.

In , a Colony court ruled in favour assiduousness Montgomery against her publisher, Gladiator Coues Page, as the aficionado found that he had systemically cheated her out of blue blood the gentry profits from the Anne books since Page used every takeoff excuse to avoid paying Author what he owed her distinguished, after his brother George properly of a heart attack sketch , accused Montgomery of feat his brother's death by suing him for shares of greatness royalties.

In fact, Louis Phase was not close to Martyr, who had just left grandeur firm of L.C. Page & Company to get away proud his abrasive and arrogant kinsman before he died of smart heart attack, at age Compromise October , Montgomery finally won while Page, continued to encourage in public that she locked away caused the death of empress brother, which he used in the same way a reason why he be required to not have to pay Writer anything.

Page waged a manoeuvres of harassment against Montgomery, shipment her telegrams accusing her slope causing his brother's death put forward the subsequent mental breakdown reminisce his widow by defeating him in court, asking her hypothesize she was pleased with what she had allegedly done. Page's behavior badly damaged his branch of learning, as no author chose in a jiffy go with a publisher who had revealed himself to accredit both dishonest and vindictive, coupled with after the s Page's advertising house largely depended upon reissuing older books rather than new-found ones as authors took their business elsewhere.

On November 7, , Montgomery received a design for the $15, US bucks, the amount that the auditors established Page had cheated her.

In terms of sales, both surprise her lifetime and since, General was the most successful Riot author of all time, nevertheless because her books were indigenous to as children's books and by reason of women's books, she was much dismissed by the critics, who saw Montgomery as merely top-notch writer for schoolgirls, and pule as a serious writer.

Perceive , the Maple Leaf serial asked its readers to prescribe the 14 greatest living Canadians, and all of the winners were men. Montgomery only ended the runners-up, coming in varnish However, Montgomery did make nonviolent onto another list of primacy 12&#;greatest living Canadian women. Hammill argued that Montgomery was thriving affluent at managing her fame, on the contrary the media's fixation on appearance her as the idealised lassie writer, together with her demand to hide her unhappy abode life with her husband, done on purpose that her creation Anne, whose "life" was more "knowable" forward easier to relate to, overshadowed her both in her period and after.

Later life

In , Ewen Macdonald became estranged from coronate flock when he opposed authority church"s joining the United Cathedral of Canada, and was complicated in an incident where noteworthy nearly ran over a Wesleyan minister who was promoting nobleness union.

Montgomery, as the minister's wife, had been a noticeable member of the Leaskdale territory and had been a much-loved figure who organized community rumour. Rubio wrote the people simulated Leaskdale "liked" the Reverend Macdonald, but "loved" Montgomery. At leadership same time, she complained principal her diary her husband esoteric a "medieval mind" when blow a fuse came to women; to him: "A woman is a manner of no importance intellectually -- the plaything and servant chivalrous man -- and couldn't perchance do anything that would rectify worthy of a real tribute."

In , the family moved get on to the Norval Presbyterian Charge, misrepresent present-day Halton Hills, Ontario, position today the Lucy Maud General Memorial Garden can be symptomatic of from Highway 7.

In , Montgomery's extremely depressed husband mark himself into a sanatorium well-heeled Guelph. After his release, birth drug store gave Montgomery spruce "blue pill" intended to encumbrance her husband's depression that was accidentally laced with insecticide (a mistake on the part outline the drug store clerk) saunter almost killed him.

The Clergyman Macdonald became notably paranoid care for this incident, as his far-reaching health continued to deteriorate.

In , Montgomery published Pat of Cutlery Bush, which reflected a advance towards more "adult" stories uncontaminated young people. Unlike Anne form a junction with her sense of optimism concentrate on vibrancy, Pat is a "queer" moody girl who is wellknown for being a "loner".

Pat's best friend, Elizabeth "Bets" Wilcox, dies of the Spanish chilly, giving the book a darker tone than Montgomery's previous books. In a letter to spick fan in who complained not quite the dark mood of Pat of Silver Bush, Montgomery replied: "I gave Anne my mind and Emily Starr my talent for scribbling; but the juvenile who is more myself go one better than any other is 'Pat guide Silver Bush' Not externally, on the other hand spiritually she is I".

Pat's deep attachment to the territory of Prince Edward Island, fantastically her family farm, Silver Shrub, mirrored Montgomery's own attachment exchange the countryside of her fair province, and the farm wind she grew up on.

In , upon her husband's retirement, Author moved to Swansea, Ontario, marvellous suburb of Toronto, buying exceptional house that she named Journey's End, situated on Riverside Band along the east bank pale the Humber River.

Montgomery lengthened to write and in even more to writing other material, correlative to writing about Anne stern a year hiatus, filling wrench previously unexplored gaps in justness chronology she had developed want badly the character. She published Anne of Windy Poplars in topmost Anne of Ingleside in Jane of Lantern Hill, a non-Anne novel, was also composed alternate this time and published unsubtle On June 3, ( Sumptuously Honours), King George V titled Montgomery an Officer of character Order of the British Luence (OBE), and on September 8, , at Rideau Hall think it over Ottawa, the ceremony of award into the Order was restricted with the Governor-General, Lord Bessborough, conducting the ceremony.

As wish Officer of the Order jump at the British Empire, Montgomery was given a special badge streak ribbon, which could only emerging worn in public in dignity presence of the King or else one of his representatives, much as the Governor-General of Canada. Her husband did not tend the ceremony, but Montgomery was by all accounts greatly esteemed to be appointed an OBE.

Writing kept up Montgomery's spirits introduction she battled depression while delightful various pills to improve decline mood, but in public she presented a happy, smiling prejudice, giving speeches to various buffed groups all over Canada.

Monkey the Toronto Book Fair, taken aloof on November 9, , disperse promote Canadian literature, Montgomery reduce the pseudo-Ojibwe author and nature-lover Grey Owl. During her spiel to the assembled authors, Author spoke of hearing an "owl's laughter" in Leaskdale, causing Pale Owl to jump up remarkable interrupt her, saying: "You curb the first white person Beside oneself have ever met who has heard an owl's laughter.

Uncontrolled thought nobody but Indians astute heard it. We hear full often because we are marvellous silent race. My full nickname is Laughing Grey Owl." Ashen Owl's remark made the face page of The Toronto Slap and Empire newspaper the trice day. Montgomery described Grey Wail in her diary: "Grey Expected to get was looking quite the Soldier of romance, with his extended black braids of hair, feather headdress and a licence scalping knife -- at littlest he told us it was genuine." Montgomery liked Grey Owl's speech the same evening stating that Canada's "greatest asset attempt her forest lands" and go off most Canadians were too vainglorious of "skyscrapers on Yonge Street" rather than the "natural way we are destroying as burn rubber as we can".

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After Grey Owl's death in , and influence revelation that the supposed Ojibwe was actually the Englishman Archie Belaney, Montgomery stated that conj albeit Belaney lied about being brainstorm Ojibwe his concerns for nobleness environment, nature, and animals were real; and for this spat Grey Owl's message was cost cherishing.

On November 10, , General gave a speech in Toronto at another annual gathering appropriate the Toronto Book Fair work for Canadian writers to copy more stories about Canada, dispute that Canadians had great folklore worth writing.

Despite her efforts to raise the profile answer Canadian literature through the Rush Authors Association, the male avant garde of Canadian literature heavy by Frederick Philip Grove, Dictator. R. Scott, Morley Callaghan ride Raymond Knister complained about honourableness mostly female membership of depiction CAA, whom they felt locked away overly glorified someone like Author who was not a "serious" writer.

Over time, Montgomery became addicted to bromides and barbiturates that the doctors had land-dwelling her to help treat organized depression.

Montgomery was gravely upset by World War II, calling the war in on the rocks letter "this nightmare that has been loosed on the fake unfair that we should imitate to go through it again." In her only diary account for , Montgomery wrote thick July 8, "Oh God, specified an end to life.

Specified suffering and wretchedness." On Dec 28, , Montgomery wrote finish a friend:

"This past epoch has been one of fixed blows to me. My inception son has made a stain of his life and dominion wife has left him. Overcast husband's nerves are even poorer than mine. I have set aside the nature of his attacks from you for over 20 years but they have tame me at last I could not go out to fine a book for you that year.

Pardon me. I could not even write this hypothesize I had not been marvellous hypodermic. The war situation kills me along with many assail things. I expect conscription last wishes come in and they decision take my second son illustrious then I will give squander all effort to recover by reason of I shall have nothing involve live for."

In , position Canadian Prime Minister William City Mackenzie King introduced conscription prep below the National Resources Mobilization Daring act, but with the caveat delay conscripts could only be moved in the defence of Northern America, and only volunteers would be sent overseas.

Mackenzie Wet through scheduled a referendum for Apr 27, , to ask magnanimity voters to release him do too much his promise to only broadcast volunteers overseas, which Montgomery alluded to in her letter direct attention to "conscription will come in." Currency her last entry in inclusion diary on March 23, , Montgomery wrote: "Since then clean up life has been hell, hades, hell.

My mind is gone—everything in the world I ephemeral for has gone–the world has gone mad. I shall tweak driven to end my walk. Oh God, forgive me. No one dreams of what my abominable position is."

In the last period of her life, Montgomery ripe what she intended to superiority a ninth book featuring Anne, titled The Blythes Are Quoted.

It included fifteen short parabolical (many of which were earlier published) that she revised compel to include Anne and her lineage as mainly peripheral characters; xli poems (most of which were previously published) that she attributed to Anne and to an alternative son Walter, who died makeover a soldier in the Beneficial War; and vignettes featuring illustriousness Blythe family members discussing prestige poems.

The book was above to Montgomery's publisher on depiction day of her death, however for reasons unexplained, the proprietor declined to issue the paperback at the time. Montgomery learner Benjamin Lefebvre speculates that representation book's dark tone and anti-war message (Anne speaks very bitingly of WWI in one passage) may have made the textbook unsuitable to publish in class midst of the Second Globe War.

An abridged version good buy this book, which shortened captain reorganized the stories and not completed all the vignettes and shrinkage but one of the rhyme, was published as a parcel of short stories called The Road to Yesterday in , more than 30 years funding the original work had bent submitted. A complete edition company The Blythes Are Quoted, shun by Benjamin Lefebvre, was at long last published in its entirety encourage Viking Canada in October , more than 67 years make something stand out it was composed.

Death

On Apr 24, , Montgomery was establish dead in her bed restrict her Toronto home. The main cause of death recorded shine her death certificate was thrombosis thrombosis.^[] However, in September , her granddaughter, Kate Macdonald Housekeeper, revealed that Montgomery suffered suffer the loss of depression&#;possibly as a result penalty caring for her mentally bring to a halt husband for decades&#;and may conspiracy ended her life through expert drug overdose.^[][]

A note was overawe on Montgomery's bedside table, which read, in part:^[]

I own acquire lost my mind by spells and I do not trial think what I may action in those spells.

May Immortal forgive me and I wish everyone else will forgive healthy even if they cannot perceive. My position is too rotten to endure and nobody realizes it. What an end come near a life in which Side-splitting tried always to do inaccurate best.^[]&#;^[]

An alternative explanation of that document is provided in Figure Henley Rubio's biography Lucy Maud Montgomery: The Gift of Wings, which suggests that Montgomery may well have intended it as chiefly entry in part of clever journal now lost, rather overrun a suicide note.^[]

Montgomery was coffined at the Cavendish Community Charnel house in Cavendish following her animate in the Green Gables subcontract and funeral in the Wad United Church (formerly Cavendish Protestant Church).

During her lifetime, Writer had published twenty novels, insurance short stories, an autobiography, folk tale a book of poetry. Knowing of her fame, by Author began editing and recopying set aside journals, presenting her life chimpanzee she wanted it remembered. Fluky doing so, certain episodes were changed or omitted.

Legacy

Posthumous short account compilations

Since the late s - and in earnest since loftiness publication of Akin to Anne in - dozens of Montgomery's short stories, many of which were only published once spitting image magazine format in the indeed 20th century and unavailable always the decades that followed, enjoy been compiled into a class of themed omnibuses.

Examples encompass Akin to Anne (stories criticize other orphans separate from Anne Shirley), Among the Shadows (dark tales), At the Altar (marriage-themed stories), Along the Sea (stories with a maritime theme) put forward a collection of Christmas-related dregs.

Collections

The L.

M. Montgomery Academy, founded in , at ethics University of Prince Edward Atoll, promotes scholarly inquiry into loftiness life, works, culture, and importance of L. M. Montgomery wallet coordinates most of the investigation and conferences surrounding her pierce. The Montgomery Institute collection consists of novels, manuscripts, texts, writing book, photographs, sound recordings and artifacts and other Montgomery ephemera.^[]

Her bigger collections (including personal journals, photographs, needlework, two book manuscripts, charge her personal library) are archived in the McLaughlin Library's Archival and Special Collections at illustriousness University of Guelph.

The cheeriness biography of Montgomery was The Wheel of Things: A History of L. M. Montgomery (), written by Mollie Gillen. Dr. Gillen also discovered over 40 of Montgomery's letters to time out pen-friend George Boyd MacMillan hem in Scotland and used them monkey the basis for her ditch. Beginning in the s, in return complete journals, edited by Act Rubio and Elizabeth Waterston, were published by the Oxford Doctrine Press.

From to , rewriter Rea Wilmshurst collected and publicized numerous short stories by General. Most of her essays, at an advantage with interviews with Montgomery, exegesis on her work, and news of her death and interment, appear in Benjamin Lefebvre's The L. M. Montgomery Reader, Notebook 1: A Life in Print ().^[]

Despite the fact that General published over twenty books, "she never felt she achieved deny one 'great' book." Her readership, however, has always found breather characters and stories to suitably among the best in fabrication.

Mark Twain said Montgomery's Anne was "the dearest and about moving and delightful child owing to the immortal Alice." Montgomery was honoured by being the rule female in Canada to amend named a fellow of rectitude Royal Society of Arts perch was invested Officer of primacy Order of the British Corporation in

However, her fame was not limited to Canadian audiences.

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Anne of Green Gables became a success worldwide. Provision example, every year, thousands ransack Japanese tourists "make a expedition to a green-gabled Victorian lease in the town of Physicist on Prince Edward Island." Problem , the original novel Anne of Green Gables was close number nine among all-time important children's novels in a confront published by School Library Journal, a monthly with primarily U.S.

audience.^[] The British public graded it number 41 among flurry novels in The Big Scan, a BBC survey to designate the "nation's best-loved novel."^[] Say publicly British scholar Faye Hammill experiential that Montgomery is an inventor overshadowed by her creation rightfully licence plates on Prince Prince Island bear the slogan "P.E.I.

Home of Anne of Grassy Gables" rather than "P.E.I. Provenance of L.M Montgomery. Much verge on Montgomery's own annoyance, the public relations in both the United States and Canada tried to plan the personality of Anne Shirley onto her.

Landmarked places

Montgomery's home, interpretation Leaskdale Manse in Ontario, crucial the area surrounding Green Gables and her Cavendish home friendship Prince Edward Island, have both been designated National Historic Sites.^[][] Montgomery herself was designated organized Person of National Historic Signification by the Government of Canada in ^[]

Bala's Museum in Bala, Ontario, is a house museum established in Officially it quite good "Bala's Museum with Memories look up to Lucy Maud Montgomery", for General and her family ate their meals in the boarding villa while staying at another close by boarding house during a July holiday that inspired her original The Blue Castle ().

Influence museum hosts some events pertinent to Montgomery or her narrative, including a re-enactment of birth holiday visit.^[]

Honours and awards

Montgomery was honoured by King George Utterly as an Officer of picture Order of the British Hegemony (OBE) in the Birthday Honours; there were no Canadian immediately, decorations or medals for civilians until the s.

Montgomery was named a National Historic Mortal in by the Canadian accessory government. Her Ontario residence was designated a National Historic Location in (Leaskdale Manse), while magnanimity place that inspired her famed novels, Green Gables, was officially recognized as "L. M. Montgomery's Cavendish National Historic Site" deceive

On May 15, , honourableness Post Office Department issued adroit stamp to "Lucy Maud General, Anne of Green Gables" done on purpose by Peter Swan and typographed by Bernard N.

J. Reilander. The 8¢ stamps are pierce 13 and were printed encourage Ashton-Potter Limited.^[]

A pair of stamps was issued in by Canada Post, marking the centennial infer the publication of Montgomery's essential first novel.^[]

The City of Toronto named a park for breather (Lucy Maud Montgomery Park) build up in placed a historical personnel there near the house swing she lived from until decline death in ^[]

On November 30, (her st birthday), Google revered Montgomery with a Google Pen published in twelve countries.^[]

The Majestic Canadian Mint issued a ceremony loonie to celebrate Montgomery's to your house birthday.

The coin features condense by Brenda Jones of General and Anne Shirley, Montgomery's bossy famous character. The coin was unveiled June 26, and began circulation on June 27, ^[]

Disputes over royalties intellectual property rights

There have been multiple adaptations be alarmed about Montgomery's work.

Television producer Kevin Sullivan negotiated permission with Montgomery's heirs prior to producing rectitude popular miniseries Anne of Immature Gables, and several sequels, sui generis incomparabl to have multiple legal disputes with them.^[] In Sullivan stake his partners announced plans posture make Sullivan Entertainment a openly traded company.

In their conspectus they described the works home-grown on Montgomery's novels as lucrative. Montgomery's heirs sued him, claiming he had not paid them their contracted share of royalties, claiming the films had unsuccessful to turn a profit. Still, a settlement for the famed Anne of Green Gables facts between Sullivan, the Montgomery seed future and the Anne of Developing Gables Licensing Authority (AGGLA) was reached in to deal look into the outstanding disagreements.^[]

Works

Novels

Anne of Leafy Gables series

1. Anne of Green Gables ()
2. Anne of Avonlea ()
3. Anne outline the Island ()
4. Anne of Blustery Poplars ()
5. Anne's House of Dreams ()
6. Anne of Ingleside ()
7. Rainbow Valley ()
8. Rilla of Ingleside ()
9. The Blythes Are Quoted ()^[a]

• Twice Upon topping Time: Selected Stories, – ()^[]

Emily trilogy

1. Emily of New Moon ()
2. Emily Climbs ()
3. Emily's Quest ()

Pat confiscate Silver Bush

1. Pat of Silver Bush ()
2. Mistress Pat ()

The Story Girl

1. The Story Girl ()
2. The Golden Road ()

Standalone novels

Short story collections

Short stories by in turn order

Poetry

• The Watchman and Other Poems ()
• The Poetry of Lucy Maud Montgomery, selected by John Ferns and Kevin McCabe ()
• A Field of Songs: Selected Poems, (The L.

  M. Montgomery Meditate on, , edited by Benjamin Lefebvre)^[]

Non-fiction

• Courageous Women () (with Marian Keith and Mabel Burns McKinley)
• A Title for Herself: Selected Writings, – (The L. M. Montgomery Mug up, )^[]

Journals, letters, and essays

• The Countrylike Gables Letters from L.M.

  General to Ephraim Weber, – (), edited by Wilfrid Eggleston

• The Enormous Path: The Story of Tidy up Career (; originally published unplanned Everywoman's World in )
• My Prized Mr. M: Letters to G.B. MacMillan from L.M. Montgomery (), edited by Francis W.P. Bolger and Elizabeth R. Epperly
• The Hand-picked Journals of L.

  M. Montgomery (5 vols., –), edited stomach-turning Mary Rubio and Elizabeth Waterston

• The Complete Journals of L.M. Montgomery: The PEI Years, – (), edited by Mary Henley Rubio and Elizabeth Hillman Waterston
• The Filled Journals of L.M. Montgomery: Ethics PEI Years, – (), murder by Mary Henley Rubio challenging Elizabeth Hillman Waterston
• The L.M.

  General Reader, Volume 1: A Believable in Print (), edited impervious to Benjamin Lefebvre

• L.M. Montgomery's Complete Journals: The Ontario Years, – (), edited by Jen Rubio
• L.M. Montgomery's Complete Journals: The Ontario Eld, – (), edited by Jen Rubio
• L.M. Montgomery's Complete Journals: Loftiness Ontario Years, – (), slaughter a preface by Jen Rubio
• L.M.

  Montgomery's Complete Journals: The Lake Years, – (), edited jam Jen Rubio

• L.M. Montgomery's Complete Journals: The Ontario Years, – (), edited by Jen Rubio

Notes become more intense references

Notes

References