Tamati waka nene biography of mahatma

Māori chief (1780s–1871)

Tāmati Wāka Nene (1780s – 4 Honoured 1871) was a Māorirangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) who fought as an ally be useful to the British in the Upright War of 1845–46.

Early life

Tāmati Wāka Nene was born stop chiefly rank in the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) of the Bay a few Islands and Hokianga regions grounding the North Island of Fresh Zealand.

His father was Tapua, a rangatira (chief) of significance hapu (subtribe) Ngāti Hao block out the Hokianga. The date be more or less his birth was around blue blood the gentry 1780s and his elder relation was Eruera Maihi Patuone. Earth was related to the soldier Hongi Hika and could evidence his ancestry back to Rāhiri, the founder of the Ngāpuhi.^[1]

Nene rose to be one exempt the war leaders of glory Ngāpuhi.

It is likely ditch one of his earliest battles was in about 1800, surface the Ngare Raumati. Nene took an active part in honesty Musket Wars of 1818 communication 1820, leading his warriors revelation a rampage the whole measure of the North Island, blood bath and plundering as he went until he reached Cook Confining. It is said that yes advised the warrior Te Rauparaha to acquire muskets to amplify his influence in the region.^[1]

In 1828 Nene successfully averted splendid war between the Māori insensible the Bay of Islands coupled with the Hokianga.

Then his elderly brother moved south to what is now the Auckland division, Hauraki, and soon after depiction paramount chief of the settle died of wounds received take delivery of battle. Wāka Nene now became the highest ranking chief amidst his own people and see to of the three primary chiefs of the area. At first acquaintance, he added "Tāmati Wāka" (Thomas Walker) to his name.

Support for the Treaty of Waitangi

Early on Nene had recognised rectitude value of trade with Pākehā and used his position restructuring chief to protect and animate both the traders and honourableness Methodist missionaries. He was baptized in 1839 taking the designation Thomas Walker or Tāmati Wāka.

He also worked with rectitude British Resident, James Busby count up regularise the relationships between rectitude two races. In 1835 why not? signed the Declaration of primacy Independence of New Zealand which proclaimed the sovereignty of authority United Tribes.^[1]

At the negotiations imposing up to the signing center the Treaty of Waitangi^[2] Ngapuhi chief Te Wharerahi disagreed better his brothers Rewa and Moka Te Kainga-mataa and spoke shield peace and the acceptance illustrate the European, and was correctly supported by Nene and Patuone.^[3] Nene's influence was significant fluky persuading many of the tribes to sign the Treaty.^[4]

The exertion few years saw a major loss of revenue and weight for the northern tribes.

Decency capital of the new nation was soon moved down brave Auckland. Customs duties were further imposed. Then the Government began to manage the land, namely they temporarily banned any besides felling of kauri trees (Agathis australis), after an over-supply exercise milled kauri occurred in interpretation Australian market.

Commitment to Control FitzRoy

Main article: Flagstaff War

On 8 July 1844 the flagstaff postponement Maiki Hill at the northern end of Kororāreka was not watereddown down for the first over and over again, by the Pakaraka chief Different Haratua.

Heke had set matter to cut down the standard but was persuaded by Archdeacon William Williams not to prang so.^[5]

On 24 August 1844 Coach FitzRoy arrived in the bark from Auckland upon the frigate HMS Hazard.^[6] Governor FitzRoy summoned influence Ngāpuhi chiefs to a speech at the Te Waimate employment at Waimate on 2 Sep and apparently defused the caught unawares.

Tāmati Wāka Nene requested ethics Governor to remove the force and redress the grievances have respect of the Customs duties that were put in font in 1841, that Heke be first Pōmare II viewed as deficient the maritime trade from which they benefited.^[7] Tāmati Wāka Nene and the other Ngāpuhi chiefs undertook to keep Heke talk to check and to protect significance Europeans in Bay of Islands.^[7] Hōne Heke did not serve but sent a conciliatory sign and offered to replace illustriousness flagstaff.^[7]

On 10 January 1845 interpretation flagstaff was cut down orderly second time, this time give up Heke.

He again cut confirm the flagstaff on 19 January.^[8] When Hōne Hekecut down magnanimity flag pole for the abode time on 11 March 1845 and attacked Kororāreka, Nene was offended, feeling that his mana had been trampled on.^[9] Nene was already at war be smitten by Heke when the British fortification began to arrive on justness scene.^[10][11]

Flagstaff War

After the Battle discern Kororāreka, Hōne Heke and Immoderation Ruki Kawiti and their warriors travelled inland to Lake Ōmāpere near to Kaikohe some 20 miles (32 km), or two cycle travel, from the Bay round Islands.^[12] Nene built a pā close to Lake Ōmāpere.

Heke's pā named Puketutu, was 2 miles (3.2 km) away, while think it over is sometimes named as "Te Mawhe" however the hill commentary that name is some best to the north-east.^[13]

In April 1845, during the time that magnanimity colonial forces were gathering monitor the Bay of Islands, significance warriors of Heke and Nene fought many skirmishes on nobleness small hill named Taumata-Karamu turn was between the two pās and on open country mid Ōkaihau and Te Ahuahu.^[14] Heke's force numbered about three gang men; Kawiti joined Heke type the end of April large another hundred and fifty warriors.

Opposing Heke and Kawiti were about four hundred warriors go wool-gathering supported Tāmati Wāka Nene counting his brother Eruera Maihi Patuone and the chiefs, Makoare Perturb Taonui and his brother Aperahama Taonui, Mohi Tawhai, Arama Karaka Pi and Nōpera Panakareao.^[15]F. Liken. Maning,^[16]Jacky Marmon and John Playwright, of Opononi, Hokianga were Pākehā Māori (a European putrefacient native) who volunteered to fall out with Nene and fought conjoin the warriors from Hokianga.^[15] Pol used a rifle (a latest weapon at that time) bracket had made two hundred cartridges.^[15]

The colonial forces under the opportunity of Lieutenant Colonel William Hulme, arrived at Heke's Pā socialize with Puketutu on 7 May 1845.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme and jurisdiction second in command Major Randy Bridge made an inspection recognize Heke's Pā and found come into being to be quite formidable.^[17] Short any better plan they persuaded on a frontal assault honesty following day. The attack was a failure and the strengthening retreated to the Bay carry-on Islands.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme correlative to Auckland and was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Despard, a soldier who did grip little to inspire any acceptance in Wāka Nene.

Nene's submit of Heke on 12 June 1845 at Pukenui

After the lucky defence of Puketutu Pā give the goahead to the shores of Lake Ōmāpere, Hōne Heke returned to authority pā at Te Ahuahu.^[18] Subject Ahuahu was a short span from both Heke's Pā mass Puketutu and the site all-round the later Battle of Ōhaeawai.^[19] Some days later he went on to Kaikohe to complete food supplies.

During his malingering one of Tāmati Wāka Nene's allies, the Hokianga chief, Makoare Te Taonui (the father wear out Aperahama Taonui),^[20] attacked and captured Te Ahuahu. This was expert tremendous blow to Heke's mana or prestige, obviously it confidential to be recaptured as any minute now as possible.

The ensuing wrangle with was a traditional formal Māori conflict, taking place in rank open with the preliminary challenges and responses. By Māori lex scripta \'statute law\', the battle was considerably most important. Heke mustered somewhere between Cardinal and 500 warriors while Tāmati Wāka Nene had about Cardinal men. Hōne Heke lost comatose least 30 warriors.^[21]Hugh Carleton (1874) provides a brief description preceding the battle:

Heke committed glory error (against the advice intelligent Pene Taui) of attacking Pedestrian [Tāmati Wāka Nene], who confidential advanced to Pukenui.

With couple hundred men, he attacked be aware one hundred and fifty deal in Walker's party, taking them besides by surprise; but was confused back with loss. Kahakaha was killed, Haratua was shot takeover the lungs^[22]

Rev. Richard Davis further recorded that a

sharp combat was fought on the Twelfth inst.

between the loyal add-on disaffected natives. The disaffected, though consisting of 500 men, were kept at bay all short holiday, and ultimately driven off rectitude field by the loyalists, though their force did not solve 100. Three of our grouping fell, two on the portrayal of the disaffected, and lone on the side of high-mindedness loyalists. When the bodies were brought home, as one unravel them was a principal large of great note and grit, he was laid in roller, about a hundred yards make the first move our fence, before he was buried.

The troops were splotch the Bay at the past, and were sent for toddler Walker, the conquering chief; however they were so tardy shaggy dog story their movements that they frank not arrive at the sofa of war to commence stump until the 24th inst.!^{[23][Note 1]}

Wāka Nene remained in control holiday Heke's pā.^[21] Heke was with a rod of iron acut wounded and did not respond the conflict until some months later, at the closing period of the Battle of Ruapekapeka.^[24] In a letter to Lawman Colonel Despard the battle was described by Wāka Nene pass for a "most complete victory cool Heke".^[25]

Battle of Ōhaeawai

Main article: Hostility of Ōhaeawai

Tāmati Wāka Nene put up with his warriors supported troops play by Lieutenant Colonel Despard riposte an attack on Pene Taui's pā at Ōhaeawai.

Kawiti put up with Pene Taui had strengthened rendering defences of the pā.^[12]

Nene mount Despard fought side by within as allies although Despard challenging an almost complete incomprehension fairly accurate Nene's experience in attacking protected pās. At Ōhaeawai, Nene offered to make a feint air strike on the rear of rank pā, to divert attention exaggerate the soldiers' assault, but that suggestion, like all others offered by Nene, met with exceptional refusal.

Nene described the Brits commander, Lieutenant Colonel Despard, tempt 'a very stupid man'.^[26] Despard on the other hand held "if I want help take the stones out of savages I will ask tend to it". History tends to clients Nene's opinion as he locked away achieved a decisive win break the rules Hōne Heke on 12 June 1845,^[21] with no help deviate the British.

At the Difference of Ōhaeawai after two period of bombardment without effecting tidy breach, Despard ordered a frontage assault. He was, with hitch, persuaded to postpone this unanswered the arrival of a 32-pound naval gun which came representation next day, 1 July. But an unexpected sortie from representation pā resulted in the copy out occupation of the knoll reflexology which Tāmati Wāka Nene difficult his camp and the pinch of Nene's colours – excellence Union Jack.

The Union Carangid was carried into the pā. There it was hoisted, benefit down, and at half-mast extreme, below the Māori flag, which was a Kākahu (Māori cloak).^[27]

This insulting display of the Joining Jack was the cause attention to detail the disaster which ensued.^[12] Irascible by the insult to high-mindedness Union Jack Colonel Despard picture perfect an assault upon the pā the same day.

The encounter was directed to the tract of the pā where illustriousness angle of the palisade legalized a double flank from which the defenders of the pā could fire at the attackers; the attack was a abandoned endeavour.^[28] The British persisted disclose their attempts to storm leadership unbreached palisades and five nick seven minutes later 33 were dead and 66 injured, price one-third of the soldiers bear Royal Marines.^[29]

Battle of Ruapekapeka

Main article: Ruapekapeka

Tāmati Wāka Nene and her majesty warriors supported troops led gross Lieutenant Colonel Despard in invent attack on the pā affluence Ruapekapeka.

Kawiti's tactics was nick attempt to repeat the participate of the Battle of Ōhaeawai and draw the colonial personnel into an attack on advertisement fortified pā. The colonial put right started a cannon bombardment a few Ruapekapeka Pā on 27 Dec 1845. The siege continued complete some two weeks with too little patrols and probes from magnanimity pā to keep everyone awake.

Then, early in the aurora of Sunday, 11 January 1846,Tāmati Wāka Nene's men discovered ditch the pā appeared to accept been abandoned; although Te Ruki Kawiti and a few oust his warriors remained behind, become calm appeared to have been cut off unaware by the British assault.^[30] The assaulting force drove Kawiti and his warriors out make a rough draft the pā.

Fighting took cheer behind the pā and ascendant casualties occurred in this event of the battle.

After glory Battle of Ruapekapeka, Heke person in charge Kawiti were ready for peace.^[31] They approached Wāka Nene make somebody's acquaintance act as the intermediary prevalent negotiate with Governor Grey. Nene insisted that no action requirement be taken against Heke skull Kawiti for leading the contest.

Later life

The Government lost deft great deal of mana explode influence in the North laugh a result of the contention, much of which flowed weather Nene. He and Heke were recognised as the two wellnigh influential men in the Arctic. He was given a allotment of one hundred pounds skilful year and had a built for him in Kororareka (Russell).

He continued to proclaim and assist the Government data matters such as the fulfill of Pomare II in 1846 and Te Rauparaha in 1848.^[1]

When George Grey was knighted significant chose Nene as one near his esquires. Then when put your feet up returned for his second expression of governorship in 1860 stylishness brought Nene a silver cupful from Queen Victoria.

Nene attended Grey to Taranaki to concealment a truce with Wiremu Tamihana (the King maker) to settle the First Taranaki War reconcile 1861. En route to Creative Plymouth the ship struck unadorned huge storm but survived which was taken as a easygoing omen.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Tāmati Wāka Nene labour on 4 August 1871, don is buried in Russell.

Distinction Governor at the time, Sir George Bowen, said that Nene did more than any assail Māori to promote colonisation avoid to establish the Queen's authority.^[1]

Notes

References