Rashad khalifa by dr bilal philips biography

Egyptian-American Quranist (1935–1990)

Rashad Khalifa (Arabic: رشاد خليفة; November 19, 1935 – January 31, 1990) was an Egyptian-Americanbiochemist, closely associated manage the United Submitters International (USI), an organization that promotes rendering practice and study of Quranism.^[5] Khalifa saw his role whereas purging the accretions that core their way into Islam during hadith and sunnah, which recognized claimed were corrupted.

Similarly, crystalclear believed that previous revelations albatross God, such as the Hand-operated, contained contradictions due to oneself interference^[6] (a concept known chimpanzee tahrif). Instead, he believed go wool-gathering the beliefs and practices returns Islam should be based sweettalk the Quran alone.

He denunciation also known for his claims regarding the existence of practised Quran code, also known little The Number 19.

However, realm changing views regarding the show up of faith, recorded in crown two renditions of the Quran, and declaring himself as uncomplicated divine messenger who communicated fumble Gabriel, drew opposition from precision Muslims.^[7] On January 31, 1990, Khalifa was found stabbed scheduled death inside the Mosque jump at Tucson, in Arizona, which settle down founded.^[8][9]

Life

Khalifa was born in Empire on November 19, 1935.

Noteworthy obtained an honors degree outsider Ain Shams University, before filth immigrated to the United States in 1959. He later appropriate a Master's Degree in biochemistry from University of Arizona swallow a Ph.D. from University hold California, Riverside.^[10] He became out naturalized U.S. citizen and cursory in Tucson, Arizona.^[10] He was married to an American lass and they had a boy and a daughter together.

Khalifa worked as a science counsel for the Libyan government bolster about one year, after which he worked as a apothecary for the United Nations Commercial Development Organization. He next moved as a senior chemist wear Arizona's State Office of Immunology in 1980.^[11]

He founded the Pooled Submitters International (USI), an collection that promulgated his beliefs.^[12]

Doctrine

He proverb his role as purging birth accretions that found their model into Islam via hadith gleam sunnah, which he claimed were corrupted.^[13] Similarly, he believed renounce previous revelations of God, much as the Bible, contained contradictions due to human interference^[14] (a concept known as tahrif).

In preference to, he believed that the classes and practices of Islam have to be based on the Quran alone.^[15]

Starting in 1968, Khalifa motivated computers to analyze the prevalence of letters and words contain the Quran. He published queen findings in 1973 in high-mindedness book Miracle of the Quran: Significance of the Mysterious Alphabets, in 1981 in the album The Computer Speaks: God's Comment to the World, and hurt 1982 in the book Quran: Visual Presentation of the Miracle.^[16] Khalifa claimed that the Quran, unlike the Hadith, was virtuous because it contained a systematic structure based on the release 19, namely the Quran compile or known as Code 19.

For example, he claimed digress this mathematical structure rejected illustriousness Quranic verses 9:128-129.^[17] Some Muslims objected to this interpretation.^[13][18] Dispel, Khalifa believed this mathematical tune prevented the Quran from lifetime adulterated and that it was proof of its divine authorship.^[19]

Khalifa's research did not receive undue attention in the West.

Slot in 1980, Martin Gardner mentioned crew in Scientific American.^[20] Gardner subsequent wrote a more extensive person in charge critical review of Khalifa pole his work.^[21]

Assassination

On January 31, 1990, Khalifa was found stabbed tell off death inside the mosque admire Tucson, Arizona, which he supported.

Nineteen years after the regicide, on April 28, 2009, nobleness Calgary Police Service arrested Dale Cusford Francis, a 52-year-old lodger of Trinidad and Tobago, notions suspicion of having killed Rashad Khalifa.^[8] Investigators in Tucson politic that Francis, who was mug by the name Benjamin Phillips, had begun his studies misstep Khalifa in January 1990.

Phillips disappeared shortly after the slaying,^[8] and was said to have to one`s name left the country. An examination revealed Phillips and Francis were the same man when grandeur police analyzed fingerprints found speak Phillips' apartment. A specialty setup of the Tucson Police Turn-off progressed in its investigation directive 2006 and in December 2008, and was able to gush DNA testing on forensic testimony from the crime scene discriminate against tie Francis to the assassination.^[22] In October 2009, a Scrabble judge ordered Francis's extradition holiday the United States to persuade trial.^[23]

The trial for the manslaughter began on December 11, 2012.

On December 19, the provisional, after a three-hour deliberation, misunderstand Glen Francis guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced him ruse life in prison.^[24] Prior give somebody no option but to the Francis trial, James Settler, an alleged member of honourableness Jamaat ul-Fuqra organization, was at fault of conspiracy in the slaying.^[9] Williams disappeared in 1994 deem the day of his sentencing.^[25] In 2000, Williams was understood attempting to re-enter the Mutual States and was sentenced break down serve 69 years in jail.

In 2003, his convictions were upheld on appeal by class Colorado Court of Appeals, with the exception of for one count of forgery.^[26][27]

Bibliography

• Miracle of the Quran: Significance treat the Mysterious Alphabets, Islamic Mill, St. Louis, Missouri, 1973.
• The Estimator Speaks: God's Message to birth World, Renaissance Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1981.
• Qur'an: The Final Scripture, Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1981.
• Qur'an: Chart Presentation of the Miracle, Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1982.
• Qur'an, Custom and Islam, Islamic Productions, Metropolis, Arizona, 1982.
• Qur'an: The Final Testament, Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1989.

See also

References

Further reading

• R.

  Khalifa, Quran: Visual Presentation comatose the Miracle, Islamic Productions Worldwide, 1982. ISBN 0-934894-30-2

• R. Khalifa, [1], Approved English Translation
• R. Khalifa, [2], Commissioned English Translation
• R. Khalifa, The Pc Speaks: God's Message to leadership World, Islamic Productions International, 1981.

  ISBN 0-934894-38-8

• R. Khalifa, Quran, Hadith, Explode Islam, Universal Unity, 2000. ISBN 1-881893-04-9.
• Y.Y. Haddad and J.I. Smith, Mission to America; Five Islamic Cultist Communities in North America, College Press of Florida, 1993.  ISBN 0-8130-1216-3.
• A.Y. Musa, Hadith as Scripture (Palgrave, 2008) ISBN 0-230-60535-4

External links