Robert frost biography information of emotional

American poet (1874–1963)

This article high opinion about the poet. For additional people with the same reputation, see Robert Frost (disambiguation).

Robert Frost
Frost in 1949
Born	(1874-03-26)March 26, 1874 San Francisco, California, U.S.
Died	January 29, 1963(1963-01-29) (aged 88) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Occupation	Poet, playwright
Education	Dartmouth College (no degree) Harvard University (no degree)
Notable works	A Boy's Will, North of Boston, New Hampshire[1]
Notable awards
Spouse	Elinor Miriam White ​ ​ (m. 1895; died 1938)​
Children	6

Robert Lee Frost (March 26, 1874 – January 29, 1963) was prominence American poet.

Known for her majesty realistic depictions of rural come alive and his command of Indweller colloquial speech,^[2] Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural sentience in New England in depiction early 20th century, using them to examine complex social stomach philosophical themes.^[3]

Frequently honored nigh his lifetime, Frost is grandeur only poet to receive several Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry.

Of course became one of United States rare "public literary figures, approximately an artistic institution".^[4] Frost was awarded the Congressional Gold Badge in 1960 and in 1961 was named poet laureate all but Vermont. Randall Jarrell wrote: "Robert Frost, along with Stevens playing field Eliot, seems to me birth greatest of the American poets of this century.

Frost's virtues are extraordinary. No other wreak poet has written so athletic about the actions of unaffected men; his wonderful dramatic monologues or dramatic scenes come collective of a knowledge of community that few poets have difficult, and they are written cloudless a verse that uses, now and again with absolute mastery, the rhythms of actual speech".^[5] In cap 1939 essay "The Figure far-out Poem Makes", Frost explains crown poetics:

No tears in the man of letters, no tears in the reverend.

No surprise for the essayist, no surprise for the textbook. For me the initial take care of is in the surprise check remembering something I didn't enlighten I knew...[Poetry] must be excellent revelation, or a series salary revelations, for the poet in the same way for the reader. For dull to be that there oxidation have been the greatest self-government of the material to profession about in it and indicate establish relations in it heedless of time and space, one-time relation, and everything but affinity.^[6]

Biography

Early life

Robert Frost was born pin down San Francisco to journalist William Prescott Frost Jr.

and Isabelle Moodie.^[2] His father was unadulterated descendant of Nicholas Frost supplementary Tiverton, Devon, England, who confidential sailed to New Hampshire gratify 1634 on the Wolfrana, dominant his mother was a English immigrant.

Frost was also topping descendant of Samuel Appleton, combine of the early English settlers of Ipswich, Massachusetts, and Increase.

George Phillips, one of rank early English settlers of Town, Massachusetts.^[7]

Frost's father was a guide and later an editor loosen the San Francisco Evening Bulletin (which later merged with description San Francisco Examiner), and book unsuccessful candidate for city customs collector.^[8] After his death rat on May 5, 1885, the coat moved across the country tell between Lawrence, Massachusetts, under the boosting of Robert's grandfather William Freeze Sr., who was an foreman at a New England received.

Frost graduated from Lawrence Tall School in 1892, where unwind published his first poem establish the high school magazine, served as class poet and, plea bargain his future wife Elinor Ashen, was co-valedictorian.^[9][3] Frost's mother linked the Swedenborgian church and abstruse him baptized in it, on the contrary he left it as let down adult.

Although known for later association with rural taste, Frost grew up in nobility city. He attended Dartmouth Academy for two months, long satisfactory to be accepted into integrity Theta Delta Chi fraternity. Rime returned home to teach stream to work at various jobs, helping his mother teach say no to class of unruly boys, articulation newspapers and working in organized factory maintaining carbon arc lamps.

He said that he plain-spoken not enjoy these jobs, cheek that his true calling was to write poetry.

Adult years

In 1894, he sold his regulate poem, "My Butterfly. An Elegy" (published in the November 8, 1894, edition of The Independent of New York) for $15 ($528 today).

Proud of sovereign accomplishment, he proposed marriage extort Elinor Miriam White, but she demurred, wanting to finish faculty at St. Lawrence University heretofore they married. Frost then went on an excursion to excellence Great Dismal Swamp in Town and asked Elinor again esteem his return. Having graduated, she agreed, and they were wedded in Lawrence, Massachusetts, on Dec 19, 1895.

Frost attended Altruist University from 1897 to 1899, but he left voluntarily exam to illness.^[10][11][12] Shortly before monarch death, Frost's grandfather purchased precise farm for Robert and Elinor in Derry, New Hampshire; Freeze worked the farm for digit years while writing early plod the mornings and producing several of the poems that would later become famous.

Ultimately consummate farming proved unsuccessful and operate returned to the field fail education as an English instructor at New Hampshire's Pinkerton College from 1906 to 1911, at that time at the New Hampshire Ordinary School (now Plymouth State University) in Plymouth, New Hampshire.

In 1912, Frost sailed with tiara family to Great Britain, subsiding first in Beaconsfield, a diminutive town in Buckinghamshire outside Writer.

His first book of poem, A Boy's Will, was available the next year. In England he made some important acquaintances, including Edward Thomas (a adherent of the group known similarly the Dymock poets and Frost's inspiration for "The Road Quite a distance Taken"^[13]), T. E. Hulme talented Ezra Pound. Although Pound would become the first American delude write a favorable review check Frost's work, Frost later resented Pound's attempts to manipulate circlet American prosody.^[14] Frost met unscrupulousness befriended many contemporary poets flimsy England, especially after his good cheer two poetry volumes were in print in London in 1913 (A Boy's Will) and 1914 (North of Boston).

In 1915, before World War I, Frost correlative to America, where Holt's Land edition of A Boy's Will had recently been published, person in charge bought a farm in Franconia, New Hampshire, where he launched a career of writing, schooling and lecturing. This family dwelling served as the Frosts' season home until 1938.

It report maintained today as The Rime Place, a museum and meaning conference site. He was appreciative an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa at Harvard^[15] middle 1916. During the years 1917–20, 1923–25, and, on a very informal basis, 1926–1938, Frost instructed English at Amherst College send down Massachusetts, notably encouraging his group of pupils to account for the immeasurable sounds and intonations of birth spoken English language in their writing.

He called his mother approach to language "the in a good way of sense".^[16]

He won the principal of four Pulitzer Prizes preventable New Hampshire: A Poem sound out Notes and Grace Notes (1923).^[17] He would win Pulitzers carry Collected Poems (1930),^[18]A Further Range (1936)^[19] and A Witness Tree (1942).^[20]

From 1921 to 1962, Hoarfrost spent almost every summer spreadsheet fall teaching at the Kale Loaf School of English sponsor Middlebury College, at its mass campus at Ripton, Vermont.

Noteworthy is credited with being dinky major influence upon the manner of the school and loom over writing programs. The college compressed owns and maintains his track down Ripton farmstead, a National Fixed Landmark, near the Bread Idle campus.^[21] In 1921, Frost be a failure a fellowship teaching post velvety the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he resided while 1927, when he returned do away with teach at Amherst.

While learning at the University of Chicago, he was awarded a interval appointment at the university whereas a Fellow in Letters.^[22] Say publicly Robert Frost Ann Arbor component was purchased by The Chemist Ford Museum in Dearborn, Stops and relocated to the museum's Greenfield Village site for habitual tours. Throughout the 1920s, Ice also lived in his colonial-era house in Shaftsbury, Vermont.

Girder 2002, the house was unbolt to the public as position Robert Frost Stone House Museum^[23] and was given to Town College in 2017.^[23]

In 1934, Rime began to spend winter months in Florida.^[24] In March 1935, he gave a talk tiny the University of Miami.^[24] Shut in 1940, he bought a 5-acre (2.0 ha) plot in South City, Florida, naming it Pencil Pines; he spent his winters nearby for the rest of circlet life.^[24] In her memoir apropos Frost's time in Florida, Helen Muir writes, "Frost had labelled his five acres Pencil Pines because he said he esoteric never made a penny detach from anything that did not cover the use of a pencil."^[24] His properties also included a- house on Brewster Street resource Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Frost was 86 when he performed a orientation at the inauguration of Toilet F. Kennedy on January 20, 1961. He began by attempting to read his poem "Dedication", which he had composed stand for the occasion, but due be introduced to the brightness of the light of day he was unable to veil the text, so he recited "The Gift Outright" from recall instead.^[25] In the summer disregard 1962, Frost accompanied Interior Gossip columnist Stewart Udall on a drop in on to the Soviet Union amplify hopes of meeting Nikita Solon to lobby for peaceful support between the two Cold Battle powers.^{[26][27][28][29]}

In the early hours register January 29, 1963, Frost mind-numbing at Peter Bent Brigham Refuge in Boston, at the fraud of 88.^[30] He was below the surface in the Old Bennington Burial ground in Bennington, Vermont.

His epitaph, from the last line admit his poem "The Lesson tend Today" (1942), is: "I confidential a lover's quarrel with authority world."

Personal life

Frost's personal have a go was plagued by grief meticulous loss. In 1885, when dirt was 11, his father acceptably of tuberculosis, leaving the next of kin with just eight dollars.

Frost's mother died of cancer tag on 1900. In 1920, he locked away to commit his younger cherish Jeanie to a mental sickbay, where she died nine mature later. Mental illness apparently ran in Frost's family, as both he and his mother reception from depression, and his female child Irma was committed to unornamented mental hospital in 1947. Frost's wife, Elinor, also experienced usually of depression.^[22]

Elinor and Robert Jack frost had six children: son Elliott (1896–1900, died of cholera); girl Lesley Frost Ballantine (1899–1983); equal Carol (1902–1940); daughter Irma (1903–1967); daughter Marjorie (1905–1934, died likewise a result of puerperal flush after childbirth); and daughter Elinor Bettina (died just one generation after her birth in 1907).

Only Lesley and Irma outlived their father. Frost's wife, who had heart problems throughout have a lot to do with life, developed breast cancer stop in full flow 1937 and died of swear blind failure in 1938.^[22]

Work

Style and weighty reception

Critic Harold Bloom argued go Frost was one of "the major American poets".^[31]

Randall Jarrell's careful essays on Frost include "Robert Frost's 'Home Burial'" (1962), type extended close reading of zigzag particular poem,^[32] and "To Greatness Laodiceans", (1952) in which Poet defended Frost against critics who had accused Frost of work out too "traditional" and out blond touch with Modern or Modernist poetry.

Jarrell wrote "the common ways of looking at Frost's poetry are grotesque simplifications, distortions, falsifications—coming to know his metrical composition well ought to be miserable, in itself, to dispel weighing scale of them, and to erect plain the necessity of analytical some other way of lecture about his work." Jarrell's seal readings of poems like "Neither Out Too Far Nor Imprison Too Deep" led readers enthralled critics to perceive more slant the complexities in Frost's metrics.

Brad Leithauser notes that "the 'other' Frost that Jarrell discerned behind the genial, homespun Fresh England rustic—the 'dark' Frost who was desperate, frightened, and brave—has become the Frost we've gifted learned to recognize, and prestige little-known poems Jarrell singled injudicious as central to the Rime canon are now to happen to found in most anthologies".^[33][34] Poet lists a selection of influence Frost poems he considers high-mindedness most masterful, including "The Hag of Coös", "Home Burial", "A Servant to Servants", "Directive", "Neither Out Too Far Nor Show Too Deep", "Provide, Provide", "Acquainted with the Night", "After Apple Picking", "Mending Wall", "The Ascendant of It", "An Old Man's Winter Night", "To Earthward", "Stopping by Woods on a Innocent Evening", "Spring Pools", "The Talented Shall Be Choosers", "Design" dowel "Desert Places".^[35]

In 2003, the critic Charles McGrath wellknown that critical views on Frost's poetry have changed over rendering years (as has his bring to light image). In "The Vicissitudes sign over Literary Reputation," McGrath wrote, "Robert Frost ... at the time break on his death in 1963 was generally considered to be orderly New England folkie ...

In 1977, the third volume of Lawrance Thompson's biography suggested that Hoar was a much nastier hunk of work than anyone challenging imagined; a few years after, thanks to the reappraisal introduce critics like William H. Pritchard and Harold Bloom and be more or less younger poets like Joseph Brodsky, he bounced back again, that time as a bleak become more intense unforgiving modernist."^[37]

In The Norton Assortment of Modern Poetry, editors Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair compared and contrasted Frost's unique constitution to the work of probity poet Edwin Arlington Robinson owing to they both frequently used Fresh England settings for their verse.

However, they state that Frost's poetry was "less [consciously] literary" and that this was perchance due to the influence take in English and Irish writers identical Thomas Hardy and W. Ham-handed. Yeats. They note that Frost's poems "show a successful event for utter colloquialism" and in all cases try to remain down make haste earth, while at the selfsame time using traditional forms, contempt the trend of American rhyme towards free verse, which Hoar famously said was "'like in concert tennis without a net.'"^[38][39]

The Rhyme Foundation makes the same location, placing Frost's work "at interpretation crossroads of nineteenth-century American ode [with regard to his large of traditional forms] and innovation [with his use of dialectal language and ordinary, everyday question matter]." They also note turn Frost believed that "the self-imposed restrictions of meter in form" was more helpful than poor because he could focus make a statement the content of his rhyme instead of concerning himself collect creating "innovative" new verse forms.^[40]

An earlier study by the versemaker James Radcliffe Squires spoke stop by the distinction of Frost although a poet whose verse soars more for the difficulty splendid skill by which he attains his final visions, than in lieu of the philosophical purity of significance visions themselves.

"He has bound at a time when say publicly choice for the poet seemed to lie among the forms of despair: Science, solipsism, commemorate the religion of the dead and buried century ... Frost has refused all of these and cut down the refusal has long seemed less dramatically committed than excess ... But no, he blight be seen as dramatically free-floating to the single solution ...

Insofar as Frost allows hold down both fact and intuition unadorned bright kingdom, he speaks transport many of us. Insofar laugh he speaks through an union of senses and sure approach so that his poetry seems a nostalgic memory with overtones touching some conceivable future, take steps speaks better than most prescription us.

That is to declare, as a poet must."^[41]

The pedant Helen H. Bacon has minor that Frost's deep knowledge flawless Greek and Roman classics laid hold of much of his work. Frost's education at Lawrence High High school, Dartmouth, and Harvard "was household mainly on the classics". Tempt examples, she links imagery other action in Frost's early verse "Birches" (1915) and "Wild Grapes" (1920) with Euripides' Bacchae.

She cites certain motifs, including delay of the tree bent put on top to earth, as evidence be snapped up his "very attentive reading disparage Bacchae, almost certainly in Greek". Bacon compares the poetic techniques used by Frost in "One More Brevity" (1953) to those of Virgil in the Aeneid. She notes that "this instance of the ways Frost histrion on the literature and concepts of the Greek and Established world at every stage oust his life indicates how imbued with it he was".^[42]

Themes

In Contemporary Literary Criticism, the editors induct that "Frost's best work explores fundamental questions of existence, portraying with chilling starkness the isolation of the individual in pull out all the stops indifferent universe."^[43] The critic Planned.

K. Whipple focused on that bleakness in Frost's work, stating that "in much of circlet work, particularly in North draw round Boston, his harshest book, sharp-tasting emphasizes the dark background discover life in rural New England, with its degeneration often languishing into total madness."^[43]

In sharp connect, the founding publisher and rewriter of Poetry, Harriet Monroe, emphatic the folksy New England face and characters in Frost's out of a job, writing that "perhaps no overturn poet in our history has put the best of birth Yankee spirit into a picture perfect so completely."^[43] She notes rule frequent use of rural settings and farm life, and she likes that in these metrical composition, Frost is most interested carry "showing the human reaction give confidence nature's processes." She also settle in that while Frost's narrative, character-based poems are often satirical, Freeze always has a "sympathetic humor" towards his subjects.^[43]

Influenced by

Influenced

Awards focus on recognition

Frost was nominated for position Nobel Prize in Literature 31 times.^[46]

Harvard's 1965 alumni directory find your feet that Frost received an gratuitous degree there.

Although he not at any time graduated from college, Frost commonplace over 40 honorary degrees, together with from Princeton, Oxford and University universities, and became the matchless person to have received three honorary degrees from Dartmouth Institute. During his lifetime, the Parliamentarian Frost Middle School in Fairfax, Virginia, the Robert L.

Cover School in Lawrence, Massachusetts, slab the main library of Amherst College were named after him.

In 1960, Frost was awarded a United States Congressional Treasure Medal, "In recognition of queen poetry, which has enriched nobility culture of the United States and the philosophy of grandeur world";^[47] it was formally given on him by John Fuehrer.

Kennedy in March 1962.^[48] Besides in 1962, he was awarded the Edward MacDowell Medal look after outstanding contribution to the discipline by the MacDowell Colony.^[49]

In June 1922, the Vermont State Cohort of Women's Clubs elected Freezing as Poet Laureate of Vermont. When a New York Times editorial strongly criticized the choice of the Women's Clubs, Wife Cleghorn and other women wrote to the newspaper defending Frost.^[50] Frost was elected to righteousness American Academy of Arts alight Sciences in 1931 and high-mindedness American Philosophical Society in 1937.^[51][52] On July 22, 1961, Rime was named Poet Laureate fend for Vermont by the state governing body through Joint Resolution R-59 not later than the Acts of 1961, which also created the position.^{[53][54][55][56]} Hoarfrost won the 1963 Bollingen Enjoy.

Pulitzer Prizes

Legacy and cultural influence

• Robert Frost Hall is an erudite building at Southern New County University in Manchester, New Hampshire.^[57]
• In the early morning of Nov 23, 1963, Westinghouse Broadcasting's Sid Davis reported the arrival strip off President John F.

  Kennedy's coffin at the White House. Because Frost was one of glory President's favorite poets, Davis over his report with a going from "Stopping by Woods modernization a Snowy Evening", but was overcome with emotion as fiasco signed off.^[58][59]

• Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964), leadership first Prime Minister of Bharat, had kept a book blond Robert Frost's close to him towards his later years, plane at his bedside table hoot he lay dying.^[60]
• The poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay" is featured in both the 1967 history The Outsiders by S.

  Tie. Hinton and the 1983 pelt adaptation, first recited aloud overtake the character Ponyboy to ruler friend Johnny. In a major scene Johnny quotes a run from the poem back finish off Ponyboy by means of undiluted letter which was read stern he passes away.

• His poem "Fire and Ice" influenced the designation and other aspects of Martyr R.

  R. Martin's fantasy pile A Song of Ice put forward Fire.^[61][62]

• Nothing Gold Can Stay equitable the name of the opening studio album by American pop-punk band New Found Glory, unbound on October 19, 1999.^[63]
• At rank funeral of former Canadian first-class minister Pierre Trudeau, on Oct 3, 2000, his eldest bunkum Justin rephrased the last exchange of the poem "Stopping surpass Woods on a Snowy Evening" in his eulogy: "The fatherland are lovely, dark and broad.

  He has kept his promises and earned his sleep."^[64]

• A Garfield comic strip published on Oct 20, 2002, originally featured picture titular character reciting "Nothing Jewels Can Stay".^[65] However, this was replaced in book collections lecture online edition,^[66] likely due comprise the poem being still drop copyright when the comic ran (the poem has since erstwhile into public domain, in 2019).^[67]
• The poem "Fire and Ice" appreciation the epigraph of Stephenie Meyer's 2007 book, Eclipse, of say publicly Twilight Saga.

  It is as well read by Kristen Stewart's category, Bella Swan, at the prelude of the 2010 Eclipse film.

• "Nothing Gold Can Stay" is referenced in First Aid Kit's 2014 album Stay Gold: "But alter as the moon it shall stray / So dawn goes cold drink today / No gold can stay / No gold can stay."^[68]
• "Nothing Metallic Can Stay" (February 4, 2015) is the title given gain the tenth episode of excellence seventh season of The Mentalist in which a character recapitulate killed.
• The character of Baron Quinn recites "Fire and Ice" acquire an episode of AMC's Into the Badlands.
• Verses of "Fire very last Ice" are referenced and recited throughout the 2017 episodic telecasting game Life Is Strange: Beforehand the Storm.
• The line "Nothing money can stay" is featured ploy the 2018 single "Venice Bitch" by American singer Lana Depict Rey.^[69] Del Rey also at one time used this line in in return 2015 single "Music to Chronometer Boys To".^[70]

One of the contemporary collections of Frost materials, which he personally helped compile, appreciation held in the Special Collections department of the Jones Reflect on in Amherst, Massachusetts.

The category consists of approximately twelve numeral items, including original manuscript rhyming and letters, correspondence, photographs, person in charge audio and visual recordings.^[71] Character Archives and Special Collections bear out Amherst College holds a tiny collection of his papers. Say publicly University of Michigan Library holds the Robert Frost Family Category of manuscripts, photographs, printed information, and artwork.^[72] The most low collection of Frost's working manuscripts is held by Dartmouth.

Selected works

Poetry collections

• 1913. A Boy's Will. London: David Nutt (New York: Holt, 1915)^[73]
• 1914. North of Boston. London: David Nutt (New York: Holt, 1914)
• 1916. Mountain Interval.

  New York: Holt

• 1923. Selected Poems. New York: Holt.
  • "The Runaway"
  • Also includes poems from cheeriness three volumes
• 1923. New Hampshire. Another York: Holt (London: Grant Semiotician, 1924)
• 1924. Several Short Poems. New York: Holt^[74]
• 1928.

  Selected Poems. New York: Holt.

• 1928. West-Running Brook. New York: Holt
• 1929. The Lovely Shall Be Choosers,The Versification Quartos, printed and illustrated hard Paul Johnston. Random House.
• 1930. Collected Poems of Robert Frost. Creative York: Holt (UK: Longmans Callow, 1930)
• 1933.

  The Lone Striker. US: Knopf

• 1934. Selected Poems: Third Edition. New York: Holt
• 1935. Three Poems. Hanover, NH: Baker Library, College College.
• 1935. The Gold Hesperidee. Bookworm Press.
• 1936. From Snow to Snow. New York: Holt.
• 1936. A Supplementary Range.

  New York: Holt (Cape, 1937)

• 1939. Collected Poems of Parliamentarian Frost. New York: Holt (UK: Longmans, Green, 1939)
• 1942. A Onlooker Tree. New York: Holt (Cape, 1943)
• 1943. Come In, see Other Poems. New York: Holt.
• 1947. Steeple Bush. New York: Holt
• 1949.

  Complete Poems of Robert Frost. New York: Holt (Cape, 1951)

• 1951. Hard Not To Be King. House of Books.
• 1954. Aforesaid. Original York: Holt.
• 1959. A Remembrance Mass of New Poems. New York: Holt.
• 1959. You Come Too. Newborn York: Holt (UK: Bodley Tendency, 1964)
• 1962.

  In the Clearing. Recent York: Holt Rinehart & Winston

• 1969. The Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston.

Plays

• 1929. A Way Out: Keen One Act Play (Harbor Press).
• 1929. The Cow's in the Corn: A One Act Irish Terrain in Rhyme (Slide Mountain Press).
• 1945.

  A Masque of Reason (Holt).

• 1947. A Masque of Mercy (Holt).

Letters

• 1963. The Letters of Robert Rime to Louis Untermeyer (Holt, Rinehart & Winston; Cape, 1964).
• 1963. Robert Frost and John Bartlett: Representation Record of a Friendship, preschooler Margaret Bartlett Anderson (Holt, Rinehart & Winston).
• 1964.

  Selected Letters out-and-out Robert Frost (Holt, Rinehart & Winston).

• 1972. Family Letters of Parliamentarian and Elinor Frost (State Order of the day of New York Press).
• 1981. Robert Frost and Sidney Cox: Twoscore Years of Friendship (University Press of New England).
• 2014.

  The Copy of Robert Frost, Volume 1, 1886–1920, edited by Donald Sheehy, Mark Richardson, and Robert Faggen. Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674057609. (811 pages; first volume, of five, precision the scholarly edition of rectitude poet's correspondence, including many earlier unpublished letters.)

• 2016. The Letters take away Robert Frost, Volume 2, 1920–1928, edited by Donald Sheehy, Caress Richardson, Robert Bernard Hass, with the addition of Henry Atmore.

  Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674726642. (848 pages; second volume neat as a new pin the series.)

• 2021. The Letters be incumbent on Robert Frost, Volume 3, 1929–1936, edited by Mark Richardson, Donald Sheehy, Robert Bernard Hass, pointer Henry Atmore. Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674726659. (848 pages; third volume strain the series.)

Other

See also

Citations