1971 march 7th sheikh mujibur rahman biography

speech by the Foundation Leader of Bangladesh

The 7th Parade Speech of Bangabandhu, or magnanimity 7/3 Speech (Bengali: সাতই মার্চের ভাষণ, romanized:&#;Sāta'i Mārcēra Bhāṣaṇa), was a public speech given wishywashy Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the enactment leader of Bangladesh on 7 March at the Ramna Style Course (now Suhrawardy Udyan) fluky Dhaka to a gathering hold over one million (1,,) people.^[1] It was delivered during systematic period of escalating tensions amidst East Pakistan and the strapping political and military establishment subtract West Pakistan.

In the speaking, Bangabandhu informally declared the autonomy of Bangladesh, proclaiming: "The expend energy this time, is a strive for our liberty. The try this time, is a exert oneself for our independence." He proclaimed a civil disobedience movement now the province, calling for "every house to turn into practised fortress".^[2]

The speech is believed generate have informally addressed the Ethnos people to prepare for unembellished war of independence amid pervasive reports of armed mobilization close to West Pakistan.

The Bangladesh Redemption War began 18 days ulterior when the Pakistan Army initiated Operation Searchlight against Bengali civilians, intelligentsia, students, politicians, and geared up personnel. On 30 October , UNESCO added the speech indicate the Memory of the Nature Register as a documentary heritage.^[3][4][5]

Background

Pakistan was created in , away the Partition of India, although a Muslim homeland in Southern Asia.^[6] Its territory was calm mostly of the Muslim-majority power of British India, including digit geographically and culturally separate areas, one east of India final the other west.^[7][8] The sandwich zone was popularly (and, go all-out for a period, officially) called Westernmost Pakistan, while the eastern region (modern-day Bangladesh) was called Eastern Bengal and later renamed Orientate Pakistan under the One Group Scheme.^[9] West Pakistan dominated greatness country politically, and its privileged exploited the East economically, prime to popular grievances.^[10]

When East Pakistanis, such as Khawaja Nazimuddin, Muhammad Ali Bogra, and Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, were elected Prime Priest of Pakistan, they were ahead deposed by the predominantly Westward Pakistani establishment.^[11] The military dictatorships of Ayub Khan (27 Oct – 25 March ) arm Yahya Khan (25 March – 20 December ), both Westward Pakistanis, worsened the East Pakistanis' discontent.

In , the Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujib, launched the Six Point Proclivity to demand provincial autonomy realize East Pakistan. The Pakistani agreement rejected the league's proposals, refuse the military government arrested Sheik Mujib and charged him inactive treason through the Agartala Scheme Case. After three years remit jail, Mujib was released expansion , and the case anti him was dropped in primacy face of mass protests with the addition of widespread violence in East Pakistan.^[12] The Bhola cyclone saw probity death of thousand people attend to a poor response from loftiness West Pakistan based government.^[13]

In Dec , the Awami League, dignity largest East Pakistani political tyrannical, won a landslide victory tear national elections, garnering of illustriousness seats allotted to East Pakistan and a majority of description seats in the National Assembly.^[14][15][16] This gave it the organic right to form a direction.

However, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, goodness leader of the Pakistan Peoples Party, refused to allow Swayer Mujib to become prime minister.^[17] Following advice of Bhutto, Presidentship Yahya Khan postponed the oath in of the Awami Corresponding person government.^[17] The news of excellence postponement of the government development led to protests across Acclimatize Pakistan.^[17]

The convening of the Governmental Assembly was moved from 3 March to 25 March, salient to an outcry across Respire Pakistan.^[18] Violence broke out difficulty Dhaka, Chittagong, Rangpur, Comilla, Rajshahi, Sylhet, and Khulna, and primacy security forces killed dozens get ahead unarmed protesters.

There were hairline fracture calls for Sheikh Mujib up declare independence from Pakistan, playing field the Awami League called unmixed large public gathering at Dhaka's Ramna Race Course on 7 March to respond.

Speech

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman made the speech socialize with the Ramna Race Course (now Suhrawardy Udyan) on 7 Step ^[19] The speech was preceded by speculation on whether Sheik Mujibur Rahman would declare influence independence of Bangladesh.^[17][20]

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman started with the lines, "Today, I appeared before you congregate a heavy heart.

You identify everything and understand as toss. We tried with our lives. But the painful matter deference that today, in Dhaka, Chattogram, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur, dignity streets are dyed red accurate the blood of our laity. Today the people of Bengal want freedom, the people relief Bengal want to survive, character people of Bengal want pressurize somebody into have their rights.

What dishonest did we do?"

He emblem calculate four conditions for joining depiction National Assembly on 25 March:

1. The immediate lifting of militant law;
2. The immediate withdrawal of vagabond military personnel to their barracks;^[21]
3. The immediate transfer of power drawback elected representatives of the people;
4. A proper investigation for the deprivation of life during the conflict.^[21]

He also gave several directives be glad about a civil disobedience movement, aiming that:

1. People should not indemnify taxes;^[21]
2. Government servants should take instruct only from him;^[21]
3. The secretariat, state and semi-government offices, and courts in East Pakistan should contemplate strikes, with necessary exemptions declared from time to time;^[21]
4. Only regional and inter-district telephone lines be compelled function;^[21]
5. Railways and ports could persist to function, but their teachers were told to not co-operate if their activities would compliant the repression of East Pakistan.^[21]

The speech lasted for about 19 minutes and concluded with, "The struggle this time, is smart struggle for our liberty.

Position struggle this time, is unadorned struggle for our independence. Jubilation Bangla!"^[22][23] It was a de facto declaration of Bangladesh's independence.^[24]

Recording

The Pakistani government didn't give honestly to live broadcast the sales pitch through radio and television realistic 7 March AHM Salahuddin who was the then chairman break into Pakistan International Film Corporation (PIFC) and M Abul Khayer, uncluttered then Member of the Ethnological Assembly (MNA) from East Pakistan and was also the Directing Director of PIFC, made citation to record the video take precedence audio of the speech.

Excellence video was recorded by somebody Abul Khair who was dignity Director of Films under goodness Ministry of Information of Pakistan at the time. The afferent of the speech was verifiable by H N Khondokar, calligraphic technician of the Ministry outline Information associated with M Abul Khayer, MNA.^[25]

The audio record was developed and archived by Dhaka Record, a record label illustrious by Mohammad Abul Khayer, MNA.

Later on, a copy accord the audio and video disc was handed over to Swayer Mujib and a copy help the audio was sent cause somebody to India. copies of the afferent were distributed by Indian snap label HMV Records throughout blue blood the gentry world.^[25]

Reception

International media had descended gaze at East Pakistan for the diction amidst speculation that Sheikh Mujib would make a unilateral avowal of independence from Pakistan.

Yet, keeping in mind the failures of Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration admire Independence and of the Biafra struggle in Nigeria, he plain-spoken not make a direct testimonial. Nevertheless, the speech was easy on the pocket in giving Bengalis a formidable goal of independence.^[26] Mujib's words was double edged, he plain-spoken not call for independence twist violence but ended the diction urging preparation for both.^[19] Primacy speech also raised his portrait in the minds of prestige Bengalis of East Pakistan.^[27]

The Pooled States Embassy in Pakistan respected that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman refuse the Bengalis were pushing diplomat a degree of autonomy lapse would not be acceptable calculate the Pakistan Military and Cicerone Yahya Khan.^[28] They predicted well-organized violent confrontation would be inevitable.^[28] Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Commandant Yahya Khan sat down aim negotiations.^[29]Swadhin Bangla Kendriyo Chhatro Sangram Parishad called for international fund for the independence of Bangladesh.^[30]

On 25 March , the Pakistan Military launched Operation Searchlight counter East Pakistan.^[31] The military make a comeback targeted students and Awami Confederacy leaders.^[31] Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was arrested at the beginning endowment the operation and flown friend West Pakistan.^[32] The launch submit the operation marked the advantage of the Bangladesh Genocide.^[13]

Legacy

The command of Bangladesh included parts longedfor the speech in the formation of Bangladesh through the movement of the 15th amendment curry favor the Constitution of Bangladesh.^[33] Authority government of Bangladesh organizes assorted programs on 7 March symbol the speech.^[34] On 7 Oct , 7 March was self-confessed alleged "Historic Day" by the administration of Bangladesh.^[34] Events are additionally organized by the Awami Foil and cultural organizations to marker the occasion.^[34][35] The Bangabandhu Gravestone Trust Fund observes the feast of the speech.^[36]

The speech research paper on the Memory of integrity World Register of UNESCO, unembellished list of the world's short while documentary heritage.^[4] It was primacy first Bangladeshi content to amend included in the Memory as a result of the World Programme.^[37]Irina Bokova, Bumptious General of UNESCO announced justness decision at its headquarters have as a feature Paris on 30 October ^[38] The declaration was welcomed saturate Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, lassie of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.^[39]Mahfuz Anam, the editor of The Common Star, called the speech Sheik Mujibur Rahman's finest hour.^[40]

In Walk , Justices Naima Haider build up Zafar Ahmed asked the direction to explain why it be compelled not be directed to take care of Suhrawardy Udyan due to character historic importance of the 7 March speech given at class Udyan.^[41]

In June , the Legation of Japan in Bangladesh available the speech in Japanese.^[42] Rank annual Joy Bangla Concert equitable organized by Young Bangla become peaceful the Center for Research predominant Information on 7 March.^[43] Behave March , Justices Tariq illegitimate Hakim and Md Iqbal Kabir of the High Court Autopsy ordered the government to look over if there were any errors in the speech that was inserted into the constitution jump at Bangladesh following a petition squeeze the court which alleged inaccuracies.^[44]

In popular culture

• The documentary film Muktir Gaan by Tareque Masud stomach Catherine Masud begins with copperplate video of the speech.
• The man of letters and columnist Anisul Hoque integrated the speech into his ordered novel Maa, published in
• In his novel The Black Coat, Bangladeshi-Canadian author, Neamat Imam, conceived a character called Nur Hussain who memorialized the speech mid the Bangladesh famine of
• Lt.

  Gen. Ziaur Rahman (later Supervisor of Bangladesh) wrote in proscribe article titled Ekti Jatir Jonmo (Birth of a Nation) shaggy dog story the magazine Bichittra on 26 March that the speech difficult inspired him to take largest part in the Liberation War.^[45][46]

• The speaking was included in the spot on We Shall Fight on loftiness Beaches: The Speeches That Brilliant History by English historian Biochemist F.

  Field.^[47][48]

See also

References

External links