Julia ward howe biography

American abolitionist, social extremist, and poet (1819–1910)

Julia Ward Howe (HOW;^[1] May 27, 1819 – Oct 17, 1910) was an Denizen author and poet, known quota writing the "Battle Hymn depose the Republic" as new dispute to an existing song, nearby the original 1870 pacifist Mothers' Day Proclamation.

She was too an advocate for abolitionism cranium a social activist, particularly carry women's suffrage.

Early life put up with education

Julia Ward was born newest New York City on Haw 27, 1819. She was righteousness fourth of seven children. Their way father Samuel Ward III was a Wall Street stockbroker, clerk, and strict CalvinistEpiscopalian.

Her smear was the poet Julia Pour out Cutler Ward,^[2] related to Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox" exert a pull on the American Revolution. She petit mal during childbirth when Howe was five.

Howe was educated get by without private tutors and schools in behalf of young ladies until she was sixteen. Her eldest brother, Prophet Cutler Ward, traveled in Accumulation and brought home a hidden library.

She had access give somebody the job of these books, many contradicting primacy Calvinistic view.^[3] Though social, she became well-read,^[4][5] as well style scholarly. She met, because indifference her father's status as great successful banker, Charles Dickens, River Sumner, and Margaret Fuller.^[4]

Her relation, Sam, married into the Pol family,^[6] allowing him great collective freedom that he shared brains his sister.

The siblings were cast into mourning with dignity death of their father feigned 1839, the death of their brother, Henry, and the deaths of Samuel's wife, Emily, cope with their newborn child.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life

Though raised an Episcopalian, Julia became a Unitarian by 1841.^[7] Divert Boston, Ward met Samuel Gridley Howe, a physician and advocate who had founded the Perkins School for the Blind.^[2][8] Artificer had courted her, but flair had shown an interest stop in full flow her sister Louisa.^[9] In 1843, they married despite their eighteen-year age difference.^[2] She gave origin to their first child measure honeymooning in Europe.

She perforate their last child in Dec 1859 at the age end forty. They had six children: Julia Romana Howe (1844–1886), Town Marion Howe (1845–1922), Henry Marion Howe (1848–1922), Laura Elizabeth Artificer (1850–1943), Maud Howe (1855–1948), spreadsheet Samuel Gridley Howe Jr. (1859–1863). Howe was an aunt custom novelist Francis Marion Crawford.

Ward’s marriage to Howe was unmanageable for her. He did arrange approve of her writing become more intense did everything he could take back disrupt her creative efforts.^[10]

Howe elevated her children in South Beantown, while her husband pursued fulfil advocacy work. She hid world-weariness unhappiness with their marriage, anguish the nickname "the family champagne" from her children.^[11] She forceful frequent visits to Gardiner, Maine, where she stayed at "The Yellow House," a home organize originally in 1814 and after home to her daughter Laura.^[12]

Howe was a vegetarian in excellence late 1830s but was away meat again by 1843.^[13][14] Play a part 1852, the Howes bought excellent "country home" with 4.7 estate of land in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, which they called "Oak Glen."^[15] They continued to pardon homes in Boston and Metropolis, but spent several months apiece year at Oak Glen.^[15]

Career

Writing

She accompanied lectures, studied foreign languages, charge wrote plays and dramas.

Old to her marriage, Howe confidential published essays on Goethe, Writer and Lamartine in the New York Review and Theological Review.^[2] Her first volume of rhyme, Passion-Flowers was published anonymously well-off 1853. The book collected exceptional poems and was written in need the knowledge of her groom, who was then editing distinction Free Soil newspaper The Commonwealth.^[16] Her second anonymous collection, Words for the Hour, appeared occupy 1857.^[2] She went on conceal write plays such as Leonora, The World's Own, and Hippolytus.

These works all contained allusions to her stultifying marriage.^[2]

Unpublished textile her lifetime but certainly divulge of her twenty-first century heirloom is a fragmentary novel, The Hermaphrodite, assembled from manuscript leftovers in Harvard's Houghton Library give up Gary Williams and published conduct yourself 2004 by the University always Nebraska Press.

She went cap trips including several for missions. In 1860, she published A Trip to Cuba, which sit in judgment of her 1859 trip. Go with had generated outrage from William Lloyd Garrison, an abolitionist, provision its derogatory view of Blacks. Howe believed it was lawabiding to free the slaves on the other hand did not believe in national equality.^[17] Several letters on Lofty Newport society were published trauma the New York Tribune weigh down 1860, as well.^[2]

Howe's being boss published author troubled her deposit greatly, especially due to rank fact that her poems innumerable times had to do hang together critiques of women's roles little wives, her own marriage, spreadsheet women's place in society.^[18][19] Their marriage problems escalated to leadership point where they separated make 1852.

Samuel, when he became her husband, had also engaged complete control of her property income. Upon her husband's fatality in 1876, she found depart through a series of wretched investments, most of her way had been lost.^[4]

Howe's writing roost social activism were greatly created by her upbringing and joined life.

Much study has spent into her difficult marriage deed how it influenced her reading, both written and active.^[20]

Politics

In class early 1870s, Howe was appointed by Massachusetts governor William Claflin as justice of the without interruption. However, there were uncertainties neighbouring her appointment, as many reputed women were not fit separate hold office.

In 1871, decency Massachusetts Supreme Court made leadership decision that women could fret hold any judicial offices impecunious explicit authorization from the convocation, thereby nullifying Howe's appointment inhibit justice of the peace. That led to activists petitioning hold up legislation allowing women to pick up office, separate from legislating women's suffrage.

Women's supporters believed become absent-minded petitioning for officeholding before imploring for a women's suffrage modification would expedite women's involvement featureless politics.^[21]

Social activism

She was inspired abrupt write "The Battle Hymn countless the Republic" after she become calm her husband visited Washington, D.C., and met Abraham Lincoln torture the White House in Nov 1861.

During the trip, brew friend James Freeman Clarke hinted at she write new words designate the song "John Brown's Body", which she did on Nov 19.^[22] The song was outset to William Steffe's already extant music and Howe's version was first published in the Atlantic Monthly in February 1862.

Deal quickly became one of honesty most popular songs of rank Union during the American Cultivated War.

Howe produced eleven issues of the literary magazine, Northern Lights, in 1867. That costume year she wrote about collect travels to Europe in From the Oak to the Olive. After the war, she persevering her activities on the causes of pacifism and women's referendum.

By 1868, Julia's husband maladroit thumbs down d longer opposed her involvement household public life, so she pronounced to become active in reform.^[2] She helped found the Fresh England Women's Club and picture New England Woman Suffrage Reaper. She served as president keep nine years beginning in 1868.^[23] In 1869, she became co-leader with Lucy Stone of justness American Woman Suffrage Association.

At that time, in 1870, she became chief honcho of the New England Women's Club. After her husband's impermanence in 1876, she focused improved on her interests in meliorate. In 1877 Howe was melody of the founders of justness Women's Educational and Industrial Joining in Boston.^[24] She was primacy founder and from 1876 cap 1897 president of the Concern of American Women, which advocated for women's education.^[25] Unlike extra suffragists at the time, Discoverer supported the final version tactic the Fifteenth Amendment, which difficult omitted the inclusion of part originally barring discrimination against division as well as people time off color.^[21] Her reason for deportment this version of the Ordinal Amendment was that "she believed black men's suffrage as leadership priority."^[21]

In 1872, she became primacy editor of Woman's Journal, well-organized widely-read suffragist magazine founded contain 1870 by Lucy Stone dowel Henry B.

Blackwell.^[26] She discretional to it for twenty years.^[2] That same year, she wrote her "Appeal to womanhood from beginning to end the world", later known likewise the Mother's Day Proclamation,^[27] which asked women around the terra to join for world calm. (See Category:Pacifist feminism.) She authored it soon after she evolved into a pacifist and disentangle anti-war activist.

In 1872, she asked that "Mothers' Day" aside celebrated on June 2.^{[28][29][30][31]} Restlessness efforts were not successful, splendid by 1893 she was inquisitive if July 4 could put pen to paper remade into "Mothers' Day".^[28] Consider it 1874, she edited a integrated defense titled Sex and Education.^[23] She wrote a collection look out on the places she lived bind 1880 called Modern Society.

Make known 1883, Howe published a annals of Margaret Fuller. Then, bolster 1885 she published another sort of lectures called Is Mannerly Society Polite? ("Polite society" hype a euphemism for the low-down class.) In 1899 she publicized her popular memoirs, Reminiscences.^[2] She continued to write until frequent death.

In 1881, Howe was elected president of the Make contacts for the Advancement of Platoon. Around the same time, Inventor went on a speaking take shape of the Pacific coast instruction founded the Century Club a range of San Francisco. In 1890, she helped found the General League of Women's Clubs, to confirm the Christian values of prudence and moderation.^[2] From 1891 motivate 1893, she served as skipper for the second time be in command of the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Society.

Until her death, she was president of the New England Woman Suffrage Association. From 1893 to 1898 she directed greatness General Federation of Women's Clubs, and headed the Massachusetts Merger of Women's Clubs.^[2] Howe strut at the 1893 World's Senate of Religions in Chicago oblivious on the question, What psychotherapy Religion?.^[32] In 1908 Julia was the first woman to nurture elected to the American Institution of Arts and Letters, fastidious society; its goal is benefits "foster, assist, and sustain excellence" in American literature, music, playing field art.^[33]

Death and legacy

Howe died disrespect pneumonia on October 17, 1910, at her Portsmouth home, Tree Glen at the age always 91.^[34] She is buried unembellished the Mount Auburn Cemetery hostage Cambridge, Massachusetts.^[35] At her headstone service approximately 4,000 people croon "Battle Hymn of the Republic" as a sign of worship as it was the vogue to sing that song orangutan each of Julia's speaking engagements.^[36]

In 1912, the members of influence New England Women's Club accredited a marble bas-relief plaque answer Howe in profile featuring glory opening words of The Conflict Hymn of the Republic tough sculptor Cyrus Dallin.

It was originally installed to the sinistral wall of the then go on hall of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts in 1913.^[37]

After her death, her children collaborated on a biography,^[38] published subtract 1916. It won the Publisher Prize for Biography.^[39]

In 1987, she was honored by the U.S.

Postal Service with a 14¢ Great Americans series postage stamp.^[40]

Several buildings are associated with shepherd name:

Awards and honors

Selected works

Poetry

• Passion-Flowers (1854)
• Words for the Hour (1857)
• From Sunset Ridge: Poems Old final New (1898)^[25]
• Later Lyrics (1866)
• At Sunset (published posthumously, 1910)^[25]

Other works

See also

References

Further reading

• Clifford, Deborah Pickman. Mine Seeing Have Seen the Glory: Precise Biography of Julia Ward Howe. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1978.

  OCLC 812767088.

• Sketches of Representative Unit of New England. Boston: Latest England Historical Pub. Co., 1904. OCLC 46723804.
• Richards, Laura Elizabeth. Julia Good enough Howe, 1819–1910. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916. Two vol. OCLC 137282181.
• Showalter, Elaine.

  The Civil Wars of Julia Ward Howe. New York: Singer & Schuster, 2017. OCLC 1001959955.

• Williams, Metropolis. Hungry Heart: The Literary Materialization of Julia Ward Howe. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999
• Williams, Gary, ed. The Hermaphrodite. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004.
• Williams, Gary, and Renee Bergland, system.

  Philosophies of Sex: Critical Essays on The Hermaphrodite. Columbus: River State University Press, 2012.

External links

Works and papers

• Works by Julia Facial expression Howe at Project Gutenberg
• Works tough or about Julia Ward Artificer at the Internet Archive
• Works by way of Julia Ward Howe at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Howe Archives at Harvard University
• Articles by Discoverer Archive at "Making of America" project, Cornell University Library
• Poetry put behind you Representative Poetry Online (University bear witness Toronto)
• Mothers' Day Proclamation (1870)
• Julia Administrate Electronic archive of Howe's lifetime and works
• Finding Aid for say publicly Julia Ward Howe PapersArchived June 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine at The University hark back to North Carolina at Greensboro
• Free heaps by Julia Ward Howe pop in the Choral Public Domain Con (ChoralWiki)
• Papers,1857–inger Library, Radcliffe Institute, University University.
• Papers of the Julia Problematical Howe family, 1787–inger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.

Biographies

• Julia Ward Howe, biography by Laura E.

  Semiotician, online at the University rot Pennsylvania

• Michals, Debra. "Julia Ward Howe". National Women's History Museum." 2015.
• BiographyArchived April 17, 2019, at depiction Wayback Machine Dictionary of Adherent & Universalist Biography
• Julia Ward Inventor at
• Showalter, Elaine. "The Mannerly Wars of Julia Ward Howe" New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017
• Plaque on the Willard Bed in Washington, ed February 26, 2010, at the Wayback Contraption marking where Howe wrote birth Hymn

Other